Macbeth Retold Essay

It feels strange running into something that everyone else is running out of, it’s my second time today. I can’t explain the thrill of running into the blaze, for some it’s just a career but for me it’s my passion. As I reached the top of the burning stairs I looked out the window to see Don with his back against the truck again, he was just standing there watching whilst men are in that house risking their lives to save others. It angers me so much to know that his name will be on the front page tomorrow for what I’ve done again. When we got back to the station the others applauded Don as he walked in and exclaimed â€Å"another fire stopped and 3 lives saved† me and Benji couldn’t bear to watch him take the glory for what we had done, so we went outside to take a breather and collect the post. Whilst we were out there we met the postman, he was standing there as if he was waiting for us, me and Benji exchanged a confused glance and then I said hello, he muttered â€Å"you’ll be station manager son† â€Å"sorry? † I said â€Å"and station commander† he replied â€Å"it’s as if I can tell the future! he laughed as he turned to walk away â€Å"what about me then eh? † shouted Benji shouted after the postman â€Å"it’ll be your sons and his sons and his sons and his sons† the postman sang as he skipped away. Benji and I couldn’t help but burst into laughter, at least it had lightened our mood after Don’s little display inside. That night I told Beth all about what Don has been doing and how he has been taking all the credit lately, I just wanted to vent to her but she got so much angrier than I had expected and told me that I should get rid of him by killing him! I want him gone and I want the praise but is this too extreme? She went on to tell me that if I didn’t do it I’d be a coward and there’s no point in me going back to the fire station at all, I can’t imagine not going back into a fire ever again. I’ve realised I have to do this. I told Beth I agree and she had a plan already. I’m going to kill him in the old house on foster street on Tuesday night when we go there for a risk assessment, Beth told me it would be perfect and no one will know I had anything to do with it; I’ll set the place alight and blame it on the squatters there.

Coke Cola Face Csr Problem in India

(1)Indian government traditionally undervalue the business activities. Politics and leisure are gained more value than work. While in U. S. , American dream emphasis on working hard for personal value, business and politics gain the same social respect. (2)India has many political and legal issues with foreign investors. Indian law to some extent is ambiguous when handling the lawsuits with foreign investors,which may have been the reason causing problems for Coke’s operations in India? 3) Both countries may have different ways of doing businesses. Foreign investors should consider the fact that every culture is different and they need their own practices (polycentric), if Coke still thinks its American style of business operation is better and practices it in India(ethnocentric), the consumers in India will regard those practices as wrong and inappropriate. This could also have been the reason why India blame on the water contamination and shortage caused by Coke.Coke and Pep siAs the Indian people interpret silence as guilt, thus the representatives of Coke should response quickly: firstly, to apologize for the destroying of water resources in India, and then do some compensation for the local people. secondly,find ways independently or Corporate with authoritative NGOS to solve the problem. It is very important for Coke to built good reputation and consumer loyalty in international market. thirdly, learn from what Pepsi does: doing CSR such as digging village wells, trying best to reduce water waste,etc. these measures could help to interact with local people, improve relationships with government and the public.From global standardization to localization Change the style of advertisement to fit the flavor of Indian people. Add some Indian cultural factors to the can package. Take more CSR as what Pepsi did. Improving relationships with Indian government and the public. Start to communicate with local consumers, and response quickly. Because in India, keep silence means guilty,even though India and U. S. both speak English, because of different value, culture and social environment, miscommunication may exists; on the plus side, it is the best way to understand the need or complain of Coke's consumers. 1) MNCs should overcome Parochialism–view the world through their own perspectives, and the simplification–the process of exhibiting the same orientation toward different culture groups. Because doing things the same way in foreign markets as they are done in domestic markets may arise more conflicts when involving in cross-cultural management. In this case, Coke prefers individualism to achieve their own value in India, while India is a society respect more about politics than business, Coke did not improve the relationships with bureaucratic offices and finally it brings trouble to Coke about the pesticide findings.MNCs should set up unique human resource management system to fit for local employees, improve communi cation effectiveness to reduce misunderstanding among multicultural groups in the company, for example, to provide language and cultural training, to improve feedback system. Internally, to select CSR practices that fit with the company's existing capabilities; externally, work with NGOS, pragmatically respect local culture and protect the environment.

Economic History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Economic History - Essay Example Some believe that the living standard of the common worker fell during the revolution, while others are of the view that it rose and everyone was better off. This essay will try to review the factors that contributed to the industrial revolution to be adopted first of all by England, rather than by any other European country. Though it is hard to pinpoint, but most historians agree that the Industrial Revolution basically originated in England with a series of social and technological innovations. Between 1760 and 1860, the progress in technology and education and an increasing capital stock, transformed England into the workshop of the world. This transformation came to be known as the Industrial Revolution, which gave rise to the income of not only its people; but as its effects spread, to the rest of the Western world as well. Historians also agree that this revolution was one of the most important historical events, making it possible for a rapid transition to the modern age, but disagree with the different aspects of this event. A question that really interests economic historians is that why did the eighteenth century industrial revolution start in Europe rather than in any other part of the world, like France and China or India. Though numerous factors like ecology, government and culture have been suggested but some historian argue that as China and Europe were similar in the 1700s, the crucial difference which resulted in the Industrial Revolution in Europe were the sources of coal and other raw material near the manufacturing centers. This allowed Europe to economically expand in a way China could not. Some also credit the difference in the belief systems as Europe focuses on the individual, while the Chinese beliefs are centered round relationships between people. Similarly, India was spilt up into many kingdoms, each fighting for supremacy. Its economy was dependent on cotton and agriculture and technological innovations were completely non-existent. The palace treasuries with huge amount of wealth, was easily moved to Britain making it more convenient for England to use it as needed. England also had huge natural financial profits which it gained from its many overseas colonies. Moreover, the aristocracy in continental Europe believed that as compared to the common people, they were born with higher virtues and the pursuit of money was a characteristic of lower class. The capitalistic and mercantile in England as well as the whole of Europe was achieved by the middle or the non-aristocratic classes. 'Why was England First:' According to Crafts (1977) the comparative approach to the two problems posed by the Industrial Revolution are why the breakthrough took place in Western Europe, and within Europe, where and when did it occur. It provides valuable insight into the economical growth from the general perspective and a better understanding of England's economic growth from the aspect of the Industrial Revolution. Crouzet (1967) is also of the view that this comparative approach can be greatly helpful for those economic historians who are particularly interested in the key problem of growth. And by systematically comparing the

Why was stable democracy so late in coming to Germany Essay

Why was stable democracy so late in coming to Germany - Essay Example Followed by most nations across the world, the concept of a democracy has been widely accepted as the form of government that allows political freedom to the maximum number of people in a country. It is thus, the most egalitarian form of government in a lot of senses, whatever be its other drawbacks. The popularity of this form of government can be seen in the dissatisfaction that members of non-democratic and authoritarian regimes express with their governments and the revolutions that have happened in history for the establishment of democracies. Such fights have often bore fruit with the result of a greater freedom to the masses of a nation and the distribution of power into a wider pool. Stable democracy has been often defined as one that is able to endure over a large period of time. Some commentators put this at twenty-five years while others prescribe other amounts of time to qualify a democracy as a stable one. This however leads one to the question of whether one may be able to call a democracy a stable one if it meets the condition of durability but is closer in its sensibilities to an authoritarian regime. ... The increase in the importance of industry as a means of producing wealth required the importance to shift from land, which was the case till then. The rise of the bourgeoisie led to the commencement of many revolutions in different parts of Europe that took inspiration from the French Revolution of 1789 (Hobsbawm, 2008). These revolutions accelerated the onset of democracy in many countries, since most of them were based on ideologies that promoted egalitarianism. Following these revolutions, aristocracy died a slow death in most of the countries that they occurred. This was the beginning of a process of transition that led to the establishment of democracy in many countries around the world. Towards the beginning of this process of transition, the bourgeoisie was a revolutionary force that quickened the pace of the transition. However, once the process reached its logical Democracy in Germany/4 conclusion, a state of democracy where these very middle classes held the reins of power , the revolutionary fervor of this class of people quickly died out. This led to a stasis, a condition of stability which helped in the development of democracy into the dominant mode of government all over Europe. There are many conditions that a country needs to fulfill to qualify itself as a stable democracy. The holding of free and fair elections is one of the most major functions of a democracy that seeks the betterment of its people. This procedure enables the people of a nation to elect its own government through a system where they are able to vote. All the citizens of a nation may not be able to vote as some democracies reserve this right for certain sections of the society. For a very long time since the establishment of democracies,

Emotional and Physical Symptoms of Depression during Pregnancy And Essay

Emotional and Physical Symptoms of Depression during Pregnancy And Different Ways of Treatment 2 - Essay Example In one year, it would be possible to have a favorable sample size. The responsibility of the nurses handling antenatal care is critical in the research, because they would be in charge of patient enrollment and diagnostic procedures. Pregnant women that meet the criterion described in the DSM manual of depression would form the eligible group. Moreover, the research would also consider the treatment strategies used to address the cases, and eventually compare the effectiveness of the strategies. On larger scale, the research would involve the collection of data from different health centers (Kothari, 2005).   After identifying the different treatment strategies used to treat pregnant mothers that suffer depression, a qualitative research on the efficiency of each would follow (p. 56). This would mean that different patients would receive different therapies, and a close monitoring of each would follow. In a bid to determine the most effective strategy, the research would consider the time taken by patients to heal, and aspects of their emotional health after the depression. This research would produce evidence-based results on the most effective treatment. It is important to determine the prevalence of emotional depression during pregnancy. Therefore, the number of patients presenting symptoms in different health centers would be considered for a period of one year. Statistical analysis of the data obtained would help in determining the prevalence of depression in pregnancy. Evidently, the selection of an effective methodology is one of the critical aspects of consideration prior to carrying any research. The selected methodology selected determines the data collected, and hence the findings. As highlighted above, there are different facets of this research, necessitating both quantitative and qualitative researchers. This will help in determining the physical and emotional symptoms of depression in pregnant women. Moreover, the above

Open Topic Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Open Topic - Research Paper Example Do the benefits of transporting hazardous material by rail outweigh the costs and damage on the environment? The following study into quantitative and ecological risk analysis of the transportation of hazardous chemicals by train across the United States. The study employs findings and conclusions made by former literature conducted over the effects of transporting hazardous material by rail and the environment. The study also analyses geographic data surrounding rail systems in the United States involved with transporting hazardous contents. Ecological features of these surroundings build towards probabilistic approximations of exposure to various spill cases the history of America’s rail system. This risk analysis integrated approximated cleanup expenses that accrued, effect of dispute on the distribution of soil, underground water, the contributions of yearly traffic, the rates of accidents, and deployed safety measures. A number of factors influence the risk and scale of the criticality of the consequence of spilling hazardous material on the environment during transportation by rail. First, the difference in safety performance of the standard tank cabin layouts is a significant risk factor (Anand et al., 2006). The higher the difference in cabin miles among various hazardous materials, and the difference in yearly accident-induced spill rate. Second, in approximating the effect expenses, hazardous substances that dissolve less in water incur more soil and groundwater cleanup expenses due to longer remediation periods (Xie et al., 2012). Third, in approximating the evacuation expenses, hazardous material moved along routes with more populations incur more evacuation expenses. Lastly, scheduled delay expenses may range from 3 to 8% of the entire effects costs in contrast to from 76 to 88% of cleaning up hazardous substances spilled into the soil and groundwater (Spraggins, 2011). The

Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 7

Cancer - Essay Example Neurologic examination is where the doctor examines the patient for attentiveness, strength of the muscles and coordination, any spontaneous effect and reaction to pain. The doctor also conducts an examination of the eyes to identify any swelling of the nerve connecting the brain and the eye which might have been caused by the pressure inserted by the tumor. With CT scan, an X-ray is conducted where the results are observed from a computer connected to the x-ray machine which clearly shows the position and the size of the tumors. MRI is where a high magnetic material is connected to a computer which shows detailed and clear pictures of the body that is provided by the means of a special dye which makes different tissues distinct. The pictures can be printed out (Potts & Mandleco, 2012). The primary level of health care is the first step where patients are exposed to health care systems which are normally the smaller health care facilities like the dispensaries serving the local community. Mostly, this unit involves simple diagnostic measures, preventive and curative where in-patients services are rare. Nurses are mostly found in this stage that will refer the patient to a district hospital which provides better services and in-patients services. The nurse examines the general sciences and symptoms of illness from the patient who then refers the patient for further treatment from the district level because the facility has no the necessary machines and equipment to examine the patient further (Potts & Mandleco 2012).

Are traditional approaches to security correct to position the STATE Essay - 1

Are traditional approaches to security correct to position the STATE as the referent object of security - Essay Example One should ask themselves whether it is plausible to include other parameters like demography, environment and resources. (Daniel, 1998) This means that the concept of international relations must be redefined; this is because there may be other underlying assumptions that have governed it. There are common strains and factors that have broken national borders. It must also be remembered that communication and information has undergone rapid changes. Besides, finances and capital are flowing all around the world. The clear dividing line that separated foreign and domestic policy is now distorted. This has now caused states to deal with problems in international forums rather than domestically. (Paul, 2000) Security perceptions may either be narrow or wide. Narrow concepts focus on power as the main agenda while wide concepts focus on cooperation. It must be remembered that human rights and international law are crucial determinants in this analysis. There are a number of occurrences that have sparked this debate. The first was the unification of Europe and Germany in the year 1989. Shortly after, there was the September eleventh attack in the year 2001 that posed new challenges to the American government. The security concept is now widening from national security to human or individual security. It has also expanded to include other factors like; actors, food, energy, health and other sectors. (Mathews, 1993) In opposition to the view that national security is of prime importance, other bodies like the United Nations Commission of Human Security have endorsed and proposed the idea of human security. However, traditionalists argue that this concept is too wide. It does not provide a clear outline of cause and effect like national security does. In addition, these conservatives further claim that the concept of global security is a mere complication of an already

European Union problem question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

European Union problem question - Essay Example The â€Å"freedom of work† through European Union countries is a fundamental right which encompasses a region without internal boundaries where independence is guaranteed in agreement with the endowment of the treaty. This right is applied under certain conditions and also approved to the family members, regardless of the nationality. However, the description of â€Å"family member† must comprise the registered companion, if the law of host country treats registered companion as comparable to marriage. In the context of free movement, marriage partners who are not nationals of an EU member country must obtain visa while crossing the border unless they have acquired the residence card . As Juanita was Columbian national from the beginning, she should acquire permissions from the â€Å"Secretary of State† in order to get visa. The immigration rule to enter UK depicts that a couple, in this case Roger and Juanita, must be capable of representing adequate original documented proofs which can specify that they have enough money, acceptable housing facility, and have not any supplementary resources for the non UK partner. However, there are other particular exemptions in this regulation which should be pursued by Roger in order to make Juanita enter in the UK . 5. Marriage in overseas nation takes place after mutual authorisation. The legal structure practiced in foreign states can act together with the law of UK in a complicated manner, and therefore the direction of ‘surrogate or registrar’ is essential in order to avoid complications in marriage and immigration problem in the UK or Netherlands. In present days, the laws regarding marriage and national immigration obligation are different in the UK and the Netherlands. The reason why Juanita faced problems while entering in the UK was due to its strong immigration policy system and its continuous development or transformations. There are increased concerns about the purpose of marriage, because some couple might conduct agreement marriage exclusively for immigration reasons. As marriage to someone authorises to live or work in the UK, it can considerably enrich the right for the foreign person. Therefore, a mutual authorisation is required for Roger and Juanita. It is obligat ory for Roger and Juanita to confirm that marriage authorisations are not settled, as there is a strong probability of viewing their marriage as fake and only a means to enter in the UK. The key issue is whether they seek genuine marriage in the sense that they are undertaking a promise to lastingness. Simultaneously, when the appeal for marriage ascends out of genuine

Reflective account - Personal Development Plan Essay

Reflective account - Personal Development Plan - Essay Example rform effectively in their allocated work, they will achieve professional advancement both hierarchically and importantly at the personal or mental level. When an employee performs and develops optimally more than their fellow employees, he/she will be given leadership position, utilizing which they can develop their leadership capabilities. As when they develop their leadership skills, employee or individual should also need to develop certain qualities or traits, and one among them is time management. Time management with apt incorporation of quality standards is a key trait. Likewise, if the individual need to develop extra skills like new language acquisition, then they have to do that as well as part of optimal development of leadership. So, this paper will analyze, how I developed my leadership skills and as part of that development followed key traits of time management as well as new language acquisition. The known is, from time immemorial, the success or failure of an organization or any other human activity depends on the role, the leader plays. According to me, if the leader follows a set of positive traits and performs effectively, he/ she can ‘sprinkle’ or even ‘pour’ success on many lives, including the workers in his/her organization. Normally, the leadership traits should be visible and should be put to effective use when the leader, as a ‘builder’ builds a group and as a ‘founder’ launches an organization. However, in my case, a situation to develop my leadership skills arose when I got a chance to preside over or manage an on going project in my organization. As the building or recruiting of the ‘group’ of workers as well as the installation of infrastructure, set up, etc needed for the specific project has already taken place, my was only to lead and manage the team. This job of taking an existing set up and managing it is not an easy job because it brings in set of challenges, mainly involving the employees. I did not

Economic Globalization and Civil War Essay Example for Free

Economic Globalization and Civil War Essay Researchers Katherine Barbieri and Rafael Reuveny attempt through their study on economic globalization and civil war to find the relation, if any, between the effects of globalization and the occurrence of civil wars in developing countries. Their hypothesis is that globalization has positive effects on developing countries, causing them to have more stability and become less likely to erupt in civil war. Using the examples of 74 civil wars spanning the years of 1970-1999, the researchers compared variables of globalization including international trade, foreign direct investment, foreign portfolio investment, and internet use against periods of civil war in corresponding countries. Their results revealed that when the globalization variables, with the exception of internet use, are more important to a country it is less likely to have a civil war. These variables produce an economic stability that makes people less inclined to interrupt the status quo. Their results showed that poor countries with large populations that were less likely to be economically equal in already dire financial straits are far more likely to see internal unrest. While globalization is unlikely to be the root cause of civil war and can help reduce the likelihood it cannot prevent it as there may be deeper forces at work such as cultural or ethnic inequalities that may be exacerbated by globalization.

Psychology Vocab Essay Example for Free

Psychology Vocab Essay Anal stage: the stage at which children advocate erotic pleasure with the elimination process Archetype: an inherited idea, based on the experiences of one’s ancestors, which shapes one’s perception of the world Altered states of consciousness: conscious level, preconscious level, and unconscious level Amnesia: a loss of memory that may occur after a blow to the head or as a result of brain damage Biofeedback: the process of learning to control bodily states with the help of machines monitoring the states to be controlled Bipolar: a disorder in which a person’s mood inappropriately alternates between feelings of mania and depression Client centered therapy: an approach developed by Carl Rogers that reflects the belief that the client and therapist are partners in therapy Conditioning: a type of learning that involves stimulus response connections in which the response is conditional to the stimulus Central nervous system: Spinal cord and the brain Classical conditioning: a learning procedure in which associations are made between a natural stimulus and a neutral stimulus Collective unconscious: the part of the mind that inherited instincts, urges, and memories common to all people Consciousness: an individual’s state of awareness, including a person’s feelings, sensations, ideas, and perceptions Compulsion: an apparently irresistible urge to repeat an act or engage in ritualistic behavior such as hand washing Cross- sectional study: research method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages and compares so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age CS (Conditioned stimulus): a once neutral event that elicits a given response after a period of training in which it has been paired with an unconditioned stimulus CR (conditioned response): a response by the conditioned stimulus; it is similar to the unconditioned response, but not identical in magnitude or amount Defense mechanism: Certain specific means by which the ego unconsciously protects itself against unpleasant impulses or circumstances Dissociative identity disorder (multiple personality): a person exhibits two or more personality states, each with its own patterns of thinking and behaving Dependent variable: changes in relation to the independent variable Discrimination: the ability to respond differently to similar but distinct stimuli. 2. The unequal treatment of individuals on the basis of their race, ethnic group, age, gender, or membership in another category rather than on the basis of individual characteristics Depression: a psychological disorder characterized by extreme sadness, an inability to concentrate, and feelings of helplessness and dejection Superego: the part of the personality that is the source of conscience and contracts the socially undesirable impulses of the id Dopamine: Involved in learning, emotional, arousal, and movement Eidetic memory: the ability to remember with great accuracy visual information on the basis of short term exposure Extinction: in classical conditioning, the gradual disappearance of a conditional response because the reinforcement is withheld or because the conditioned stimulus is repeatedly presented without the unconditioned stimulus Endocrine system: a chemical communication system using hormones, by which messages are sent through the blood stream, EEG (electroencephalograph): a machine used to record the electoral activity of large portions of the brain Extravert: an outgoing, active person who directs his or her energies and interests toward other people and things Electroshock therapy: also called (ECT), an electrical shock is sent through the brain to try to reduce symptoms of mental disturbance Ego: the part of the personality that is in touch with reality and strives to meet the demands of the id and the superego in socially acceptable ways Free association: a Freudian technique used to examine the unconscious; the patients instructed to say whatever comes into his or her mind Formal operations: the person is able to solve abstract problems Fixed ratio schedule: a pattern of reinforcement in which a specific number of correct responses is required before reinforcement can be obtained Fixed interval schedule: a pattern of reinforcement in which a specific amount of time must elapse before a response will elicit reinforcement Functional fixedness: a mental set characterized by the inability to imagine new functions for familiar objects Genital Stage: Freud’s fifth and final psychosexual stage during which an individual’s sexual satisfaction depends as much on giving pleasure as on receiving it Hypothalamus: regulates the autonomic nervous system Hallucinations: perceptions that have no direct external cause Hypothesis: an assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through scientific research Identity crisis: A period of inner conflict during which adolescents worry intensely about who they are Id: in psychoanalytic theory, that part of the unconscious personality that contains our needs, drives, and instincts, as well as repressed material Independent variable: experimenters change or alter so they can observe its effects Imprinting: inherited tendencies or responses that are displayed by newborn animals when they encounter new stimuli in their environment Introvert: a reserved, withdrawn person who is more preoccupied with his or her inner thoughts and feelings than in what is going on around him or her Imitation: The third way of learning Latency Stage: the fourth stage of Freud’s psychosexual development at which sexual desires are pushed into the background and the child becomes involved in exploring the world and learning new skills Long term memory: the storage of information over extended periods of time Longitudinal study: research method in which data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development Lithium carbonate: a chemical used to counteract mood swings of bipolar disorder Maturation: the internally programmed growth of a child Meditation: the focusing of attention to clear one’s mind and produce relaxation Modeling: the process of learning behavior through observation and imitation of others Mnemonic devices: techniques of memorizing information by forming vivid associations or images, which facilitate recall and decrease forgetting Negative reinforcement: increasing the strength of a given response by removing or preventing a painful stimulus when the response occurs Neurosis: One of the most commonly used diagnostic distinctions Oral Stage: Freud’s first stage of psychosexual development, in which infant’s associate erotic pleasure with the mouth Object permanence: Child’s realization that an object exists even when he or she cannot see or touch it Operant conditioning: a form of learning in which a certain action is reinforced or punished, resulting in corresponding increases or decreases in the likelihood that similar actions will occur again Obsession: a recurring thought or image that seems to be beyond control OCD (obsessive compulsive disorder): an anxiety disorder consisting of obsessions and compulsions Oedipus complex: seems more like a literary conceit that a thesis worthy of a scientifically minded psychologist Psychosexual stages: 1. Oral stage, 2.anal stage, 3.phallic stage, 4.latancy stage, 5.ganital stage Psychosocial stages: 1. Trust vs. mistrust, 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and doubt, 3.initiative vs. guilt, 4. Industry vs. inferiority, 5. Identity vs. role confusion, 6. Intimacy vs. isolation, 7. Generativity vs. stagnation, 8. Ego integrity vs. Despair Pre-operational stage: emerges when the child begins to use mental images symbols to understand things Pituitary gland: â€Å"master gland† Psychosis: One of the most commonly used diagnostic distinctions Projective test: an unstructured test of personality in which a person is asked to respond freely, giving his or her own interpretation of various ambiguous stimuli Phallic stage: Freud’s third psychosexual stage, children associate sexual pleasure with their genitals Psychology: the scientific, systematic study of behaviors and mental processes Psychiatry: a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders Psychotherapy: a general term for the application of psychological principles and techniques for any treatment used by therapists to help troubled individuals overcome their problems and disorders Positive reinforce: a stimulus that increases the likelihood that a response will occur again Psychoanalysis: a form of therapy aimed at making patients aware of their unconscious motives so that they can gain control over their behavior and free themselves of self-defeating patterns Reli ability: the ability of a test to give the same results under similar conditions REM sleep: a stage of sleep characterized by rapid eye movements, a high level of brain activity, a deep relaxation of the muscles, and dreaming Reinforcement schedule: an important factor in operant conditioning Random sample: One way to avoid a nonrepresentative sample Rorschach inkblot cards: 10 cards with inkblot designs and a system for interpreting responses Self –actualization: the humanist term for realizing one’s unique potential Shaping: technique of operant conditioning in which the desired behavior is â€Å"molded† by first rewarding any act similar to that behavior and then requiring ever-closer approximations to the desired behavior before giving the reward Short term memory: memory that is limited in capacity to about seven items and in duration by the subject active rehearsal Spontaneous recovery: the reappearance of an extinguished conditioned response after some time has passed Selective attention: Focusing\ on only one detail of many Schizophrenia: a group of severe psychotic disorders characterized by confused and disconnected thoughts, emotions, behavior, and perceptions Separation anxiety: whenever the child is suddenly separated from the mother Superego: the part of the personality that is the source of conscience and contracts the socially undesirable impulses of the id Sensorimotor: the infant uses schemas that primarily involve his body and sensations Surrogate mothers: substitute mothers TAT (Thematic Apperception Test): This test consists of a series of pictures Thalamus: major relay station of the brain Unconscious: the part of the mind that holds mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories of which we are unaware but that strongly influences conscious behaviors UCR (Unconditioned response): an organism, automatic or natural reaction to a stimulus UCS (unconditioned stimulus): an event that elicits a certain predictable response without previous training Variable- ratio schedule: a pattern of reinforcement in which a specific amount of time must elapse before a response will elicit reinforcement Variable- interval schedule: a pattern of reinforcement in which changing amounts of time must elapse before a response will obtain reinforcement Validity: the ability of a test to measure what it is intended to measure Theorists Carl Jung: (1875-1961) believed that people try to develop their potential as well as handle their instinctual urges. He distinguished between personal unconscious and the collective unconscious Alfred Adler: (1870-1937) believed that the driving force in people’s lives is a desire to overcome their feelings of inferiority Sigmund Freud: (1856-1939) believed that our conscious experiences are only the tip of the iceberg, that beneath the surface are primitive biological urges that are in conflict with the requirements of society and morality Erick Erickson: (1902-1994) believed that the need for social approval is just as important as a child’s sexual and aggressive urges Abraham Maslow: (1908-1970) tried to base his theory of personality on studies of healthy, creative, self actualizing people who fully utilize their talents and potential rather than on studies of disturbed individuals Carl Rogers: (1902-1987) believed that many people suffer from a conflict between wh at they value in themselves and what they believe that other people value in them John B. Watson 🙠 1878-1958) psychology should concern itself only with the observable facts of behavior. Said that all behavior is the result of conditioning and occurs because the appropriate stimulus is present in the environment Ivan Pavlov: (1849 -1936) charted another new course for psychological investigation. Demonstrated that a neutral stimulus can cause a formerly unrelated response B.F. Skinner 🙠 1904-1990) introduced the concept of reinforcement. Attempted to show how his laboratory techniques might be applied to society as a whole Albert Bandura: people direct their own behavior by their choice of models. Harry Harlow: (1905- 1981) studied the relationship between mother and child in a species closer to humans, the rhesus monkeys Galen: Identified four personality characteristics called melancholic, sanguine, choleric, and phlegmatic Alfred Binet: Karen Horney: (1885-1952) stressed the importance of basic anxiety. She believes that if a child is raised in an atmosphere of love and security, that child could avoid Freud’s psychosexual parent child conflict b Lawrence Kohlberg: His studies show how important being able to see other people’s points of view is to social development in general and to moral development of moral reasoning Jean Piaget: Discovered that knowledge builds as children grow. Children develop logic and think differently at different ages Lorenz Konrad: (1903- 1989) became a pioneer in the field of animal learning. He discovered that baby geese become attached to their mothers in a sudden, virtually permanent learning process called imprinting Stanley Milgram: conducted the most famous investigation of obedience in 1963. Wanted to determine whether participants would administer painful shocks to others merely because an authority figure had instructed them to do so James Marcia: main contribution is in clarifying the sources and nature of the adolescent identity crisis Philip Zimbardo: made the Zimbardo experiment Solomon Asch: designed what has become a classic experiment to test conformity to pressure from one’s peers Hermann Rorschach: made the inkblot test   Wilhelm Wundt: he proposed that psychological experience is composed of compounds, much like the ones found in chemistry Phillipe Pinel: Father of scientific psychiatry   Dorothea Dix: Chief spokesperson for reform

Leadership Styles and Management in Mental Health Care

Leadership Styles and Management in Mental Health Care Leadership Styles and Management Discuss the impact of transformational and transactional leadership styles on the management of violence and aggression within UK regional maximum security forensic mental health hospital. Incorporating organisation structure, change management, multidisciplinary working, staff motivation and retention, legal and ethical implications for nursing practice. Executive Summary: In this essay we discuss the transformational and transactional leadership styles in the management of violence and crisis situations within the clinical setting and in mental health units. We begin our discussion with studies on the need for disaster management teams and structured command system within hospitals to help ensure that patients receive proper care when needed. We then briefly discuss the differences of transformational and transactional leadership styles and suggest that both personality patterns and attitudes towards these styles determine care and change management within the hospitals. Struggling with your nursing essay(s)? Did you know that we can help you with your leadership styles and management and any other nursing essays? We can help you! Place an order with us and youll get: An exact, 100% original answer to your essay question From a graduate writer, qualified in your subject area Delivered confidentially by email, in 3 hours 10 days (you choose) Stop struggling and get the help you need from the UK’s favourite student support company, right now. Introduction: Leadership styles within the nursing practice can be evaluated by understanding the relationship between management and planning, change operations and organisation structure. As Zane and Prestipino (2004) point out, hospital disaster manuals and response plans lack formal command structure in most cases and the hospital authorities rely on the presence of certain individuals who are familiar with hospital operations or hold leadership positions and abilities during the routine operations and management of the hospital. Management of emergency situations, especially in case of mental health patients who are prone to violence requires the expertise of a disaster management team. However such leadership patterns in which the hospital does not have a formal command structure may be unreliable and during critical conditions, the relying on a few individuals may be inadequate as the concerned persons may not be available at all times and even for prolonged events of crisis, this is not a feasible option or proper management. The Hospital Emergency Incident Command System (HEICS) is a command structure and a method suggested that provides a structured pattern of leadership which does not have to rely on specific individuals for crisis management (such as inpatient violence, or serious injury) and is more flexible and can be applied in all kinds of services such as fire services, emergency medical services, military, police agencies and improves ease of communication among professionals during crisis periods. The study by Zane and Prestipino give a descriptive report of the implementation of the HEICS in a healthcare network and recommends that since this tool pro vides a complete command structure for hospitals and by being a common tool for management can enable validity, reliability of the system as well as consistency and commonality with other hospitals ad disaster response teams. Considering the necessities of a disaster response team and the need for effective leadership styles of management of crises situations, in this essay we would discuss the various styles of leadership and how this relates to change management, nursing practice, and the quality of care during emergency and normal conditions . Several issues are considered here along with examples from evidential studies and clinical research. Leadership Styles in Clinical Management Our discussion will revolve around two forms of leadership patterns mainly the transactional and the transformational styles of leadership. The differences between transactional and transformational leadership styles were first given by Weber (1947, in Turner, 1998) who suggested that transactional leadership is based on control on the basis of knowledge and hierarchical power and transactional leaders aim to negotiate and bargain to achieve higher efficiency. In case of transformational leadership, the leader is a charismatic personality who seeks to change or transform ordinary people with his qualities and seeks to change ways of thinking by using novel ideas within the organisation. Hendel et al(2005)examined the relationship between leadership styles and the choice of strategy in conflict management among nurse managers. The study identified conflict mode choices of head nurses in general hospitals as nurses deal with conflicts on a daily basis and have to implement effective choice of conflict management mode to deal with the complicated situations. The authors point out that the choice of conflict management mode is largely associated with managerial effectiveness of the nurses. It is largely understood that the ability to manage conflict situations creatively to result in constructive and effective outcomes is a standard requirement in nursing practice. For the purposes of the study, the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument, the Multi-factor Leadership Questionnaire, Form 5X-Short (MLQ 5X) and demographic data were used. 60 head nurses were selected for the study and the results indicated that most head nurses perceived themselves as transformational lead ers in the clinical setting rather than transactional leaders. The most common conflict management strategy was an emphasis on compromise and more than half of the nurses studied admitted to using only one mode of conflict management. Transformational leadership was found to be more popular and widely used than transactional style of leadership and the style of leadership also affected the conflict strategy selected. In case of mental health and psychiatric patients, conflict management and management of violent behaviours in patients are the major challenges. Thus the study mainly argued that conflict handling mode in head nurses is largely associated with the style of leadership and the overall conflict management approach that was based on compromise. Katz and Kirkland (1990) point out that violent behaviour in mental hospital wards is widespread although there may be differences in incidence and distribution. Their study suggested that are varying patterns to show the relation between staff behaviour, management styles, social organisation of the unit and the levels of violence. The study suggests conclusively that, violence is a symptom of disorder not only in the biological and psychological field but also in the socio-cultural field'(p.262). Violent behaviours in patients were found to be more frequent in wards where staff functions were unclear, where there were no predictable staff-meeting interaction or which had slackened or unstructured leadership or management approach. The role of personality in transactional and transformational leadership has been examined by Bono and Judge (2004). Their study was based on meta-analysis of the relationship between personality and ratings on transformational and transactional leadership behaviours. The five factor model was used in the study and personality traits were related to 3 dimensions of transformational leadership namely idealized influence-inspirational motivation or charisma, intellectual stimulation, and individualised consideration and also to the 3 dimensions of transactional leadership namely contingent reward, management by exception-active and passive leadership. Extraversion as a major personality trait has been found to be the most consistent correlate of transformational leadership and even charisma was closely related to this style of leadership. There is a growing need to understand the subtle personality traits and how these relate to the unobvious characteristics and determinants of transfo rmational and transactional styles of leadership. In an earlier study, Judge and Bono (2000) have linked the personality traits from five factor model with that of transformational leadership patterns and behaviours. The personality traits of Extraversion, Agreeableness and Openness to Experience have been found to predict transformational leadership and are traits that are closely related to this particular leadership style. Neuroticism and Conscientiousness were found to be unrelated to transformational leadership behaviours. Judge and Bono further stated that transformational leadership behavior predicted a number of outcomes reflecting leader effectiveness, controlling for the effect of transactional leadership (2000,p.751). Leadership styles also affect performance and not just personality patterns and behaviours. The overall performance of a unit has been critically examined by Bass et al (2003) assessing both transformational and transactional leadership styles. The authors ask how leadership styles and ratings from operating units can predict the subsequent performance of these units that operate under high stress and even considerable uncertainty. In this study, the predictive relationships for transformational and transactional leadership styles for ratings of unit potency, cohesion and performance levels were calculated. The results indicated that both the leadership styles positively predicted unit performance suggesting that transactional and transformational styles of leadership may be both effective for improving performance of an entire nursing or clinical unit. Some studies have suggested that staff retention and job satisfaction are closely associated with transformational leadership styles (Kleinman, 2004). Prenkert and Ehnfors (1997) measured organisational effectiveness in relation to transactional and transformational leadership in nursing management. The relative influences of transactional (TA) and transformational (TF) styles of leadership on organisational effectiveness (OE) was measured as the degree of goal attainment and reflected on the quality of nursing care (NQ) provided. The study used interviews of head nurses and the Leadership Nursing-Effectiveness Questionnaire (LNEQ) was also used. The result indicated that TA and TF leadership styles had low or significant connection with the organisational effectiveness at a hospital and the study did not support the perceived understanding that organisations and clinical settings exposed to higher levels of transformational or transaction leadership behaviours show better organisational effectiveness. Conclusion: In this study we discussed various approaches to transformational and transactional leadership styles and behaviours and in the course of the discussion we showed the different views and perceptions on leadership styles. In general most of the studies discussed here suggest that transformational leadership is preferred and is the more positive form of leadership as it emphasises on individual power and charisma to change the surroundings and the situation. Transactional leadership on the other hand is comparatively easier form of leadership as it is not dependent on any unique personality pattern but is largely dependent on how an individual uses the situations to bring out efficient and positive consequences. However as Bonos studies suggest both the leadership styles may be equally related to personality patterns with openness and agreeableness being important traits of a transformational leader. Most studies discussed here seems to point out that leadership styles are closely rela ted to change management, quality of care, work relations, job satisfaction and overall nursing practice. This is also true in all other areas and services, including mental health wards where violence management of patients is a major challenge for head nurses. There are however few exceptional studies examined here that seem to argue that organisational effectiveness have little, no or uncertain relationship with leadership styles. Recommendations: Following the discussions and evidential studies above, we suggest several moves for better services and improvement of leadership behaviours in the clinical settings keeping in mind the ethical implications. These can be given as follows: 1. Conducting interviews, using surveys and questionnaires to understand nurse attitudes and perceptions towards leadership styles 2. Performing personality tests to identify traits correlating with the different leadership styles to understand the strengths and weaknesses of the workforce 3. Having transformational and transactional leadership style training, education and analysis to make nursing staff suitable for handling crisis situations especially in mental health units 4. Increasing awareness on leadership styles among and showing the importance or use of each leadership behaviour during crisis in hospitals and psychiatric wards 5. Forming a disaster management team or emergency team that will be well informed of leadership styles and relative characteristics or advantages of each Bibliography Zane RD, Prestipino AL.   Implementing the Hospital Emergency Incident Command System: an integrated delivery systems experience. Prehospital Disaster Med. 2004 Oct-Dec;19(4):311-7. Dutton JE, Frost PJ, Worline MC, Lilius JM, Kanov JM Leading in times of trauma. Harv Bus Rev. 2002 Jan;80(1):54-61, 125. Arnetz BB Psychosocial challenges facing physicians of today. Soc Sci Med. 2001 Jan;52(2):203-13. Review. Gilbert T. Nursing: empowerment and the problem of power. J Adv Nurs. 1995 May;21(5):865-71. Review. Kootte AF Psychosocial response to disaster: the attacks on the Stark and the Cole. Med Confl Surviv. 2002 Jan-Mar;18(1):44-58. Franco H, Galanter M, Castaneda R, Patterson J. Combining behavioral and self-help approaches in the inpatient management of dually diagnosed patients. J Subst Abuse Treat. 1995 May-Jun;12(3):227-32. Katz P, Kirkland FR. Violence and social structure on mental hospital wards. Psychiatry. 1990 Aug;53(3):262-77. Hendel T, Fish M, Galon V. Leadership style and choice of strategy in conflict management among Israeli nurse managers in general hospitals. J Nurs Manag. 2005 Mar;13(2):137-46. Judge TA, Piccolo RF Transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analytic test of their relative validity. J Appl Psychol. 2004 Oct;89(5):755-68. Bono JE, Judge TA Personality and transformational and transactional leadership: a meta-analysis. J Appl Psychol. 2004 Oct;89(5):901-10. Bass BM, Avolio BJ, JungDI, Berson Y Predicting unit performance by assessing transformational and transactional leadership. J Appl Psychol. 2003 Apr;88(2):207-18. Stordeur S, DHoore W, Vanderberghe C. Leadership, organizational stress, and emotional exhaustion among hospital nursing staff. J Adv Nurs. 2001 Aug;35(4):533-42. Laurent CL A nursing theory for nursing leadership. J Nurs Manag. 2000 Mar;8(2):83-7. Judge TA, Bono JE Five-factor model of personality and transformational leadership. J Appl Psychol. 2000 Oct;85(5):751-65. Kleinman C The relationship between managerial leadership behaviors and staff nurse retention. Hosp Top. 2004 Fall;82(4):2-9. Dunham J, Klafehn KA. Transformational leadership and the nurse executive. J Nurs Adm. 1990 Apr;20(4):28-34. The Cambridge Companion to Weber ~Stephen Turner (Editor) Cambridge University Press Paperback June 3, 1998

Symbols and Symbolism in To Kill A Mockingbird - Symbols, Themes and Characters :: Kill Mockingbird essays

   To Kill A Mockingbird - Symbols, Themes and Characters       Now, you're probably wondering what is To Kill A Mockingbird all about? Well that is what I am going to be telling you about in this paper. You will find out that To Kill A Mockingbird is full of different themes, symbols, conflicts and many different characters.    There is a theme of a coexistence of good and evil in this novel. Harper dramatizes Scout and Jem's transition from a perspective of childhood innocence. Many of the characters assume that people are good because they have never seen evil. So in result to this Tom Robinson and Boo Radley are not fully prepared for the evil that they meet up with, and as a result of that they are destroyed.    There are a lot of different social classes in this story. The Finches are on the top of the social list in Maycomb. And then the farmers are underneath them. Then whom they call the white trash is underneath the farmers. Even though the blacks are much more gifted than some of those people they are still underneath those white trash people. This is the main topic of the whole story. A black man gets accused of attacking a white lady...but he probably wouldn't even be in the position that he was in if he was white. To Kill A Mockingbird shows the destructive attitude that whites have against blacks. Not so much the period we live in but it still exists.    There is also theme of an education of children. The children are taught to move from innocence to adulthood. At the end of the book which only scans through about two years of Scout's life. He knows almost everything about algebra. This theme is explored by the relationship between Atticus and his kids. Unsympathetic teachers confront Scout a lot through the story. The most important lessons are those of sympathy and understanding. Miss Caroline's commitment to the educational techniques that she has learned in college and it makes her ineffective and dangerous.    Also, there are some symbols in this story that are very important to the overall story itself. Throughout To Kill A Mockingbird, one will observe that nearly every character is a mockingbird.

Patrick Henry: Fight against the Constitution :: American America History

Patrick Henry: Fight against the Constitution Although Henry refused to serve on the Constitutional Convention, Madison needed Henry's persuasive ways. Henry had a way to make people agree with his ideas. Even though Henry didn't serve on the Constitutional Convention, he was still present to put in his word. As soon as the meetings opened, Henry began to argue against the Constitution. This argument went on for three weeks. Henry was aware that the new government had to be strong, but felt that the Constitution made the central government too powerful. He thought that the power should lay in the hands of the states. "What right had they [the group that wrote the Constitution] to say 'We the people,' instead We, the States?" he demanded. Not only was Henry in fear of the central government gaining power, but was also worried about protecting the South. He felt that the fast growing North would have more impute into how the government was to be ran. Henry feared that the South would be out voted in Congress. Patrick Henry was quoted before by saying, "I am not a Virginian. I am American." Henry meant that all the states, North or South, should get equal say in what happens in the government. After all it is the same country and will effect both sides. Also, Henry refused to support the Constitution because it was lacking a bill of rights. He called it, "the most fatal plan that could possibly be conceived to enslave a free people." In other words he thought that without a bill of rights, we (the people) would be enslaving ourselves. Henry thought that the Constitution didn't protect the basic freedom of the people. Henry believed that people wouldn't be safe from a powerful government without the bill of rights. The Constitution took away the power from the states, ignored the South, and didn't protect the people it represented. To Patrick Henry, these were big mistakes and couldn't put his support behind them. When the power is taken away from the states, it makes the federal government very strong. He knew that there had to be a strong central government, but felt that the Constitution went too far. Henry wanted to protect the South. After all, at that time the South was more than half the country. If the country at that time was compared to a human body, the South was the heart of the country.

The Great Depression and World War II Shaped My Grandmas Life Essay

The Great Depression and World War II Shaped My Grandma's Life My grandma, Alma Jean, was born in 1935 in Silo, Oklahoma, just outside of Durant. Her birth certificate says she was born in Durant because Silo was too small to be considered a real town. She lived there on a farm with her parents, Orval and Maggie Dale. It was the middle of the Great Depression, and they were a farming family at a time when it seemed like no one could make a living off the land. To supplement their income, Orval and his father worked for the Works Progress Administration (WPA). President Roosevelt set up the WPA the same year that my grandma was born (Divine 760). The WPA was similar to other work relief programs such as the CCC, PWA, CWA and NYA. All were established to provide jobs for the unemployed. However, the WPA was unique because it was the first program to also address the needs of artists, writers, and actors. These people were employed by the WPA to capture and portray the culture and events of the United States at that time (761). As a result of the Depression, Americans learned to be resourceful. People would make clothes out of flour sacks and homes out of cardboard and metal scraps (Conlin 686). They grew gardens and hunted for their food instead of buying it at the store. Some people even sold apples in the city streets to earn money (Current 731). One of the weirdest things about my grandma is that she likes to eat squirrel brains. But it makes sense. When she was little they didn't have money to buy meat, so her dad would go hunting all the time. He'd catch jackrabbits and squirrels and whatever else he could find, and that's what they ate. So my grandma grew up eating squirrels (and their brains). It was normal to h... ... of the war. The day the war ended she was in school. When they found out it was over, they let all the kids go home early. Everywhere she went, she said she could feel a sense of relief. Everyone was happy and excited. My grandma grew up and married Henry Fordge. They now have six grown children and a lifetime of wonderful memories. Her first memories, though, were shaped by two of the greatest events in American history: The Great Depression and World War Two. Works Cited Conlin, Joseph R. Our Land, Our Time: A History of the United States. Orlando: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc., 1991. Current, Richard N., et al. American History: A Survey. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1983. Divine, Robert A., ed. America Past and Present. Illinois: Scott, Foresman and Company, 1987. Jordan, Killian, ed. Our Finest Hour. Time Inc. Home Entertainment. 2000.

Operations Management Final

Operations Management Final Report Case Study (1) Gate Turnaround at Southwest Airlines (Chapter Six) (2) Constraint Management at Southwest Airlines (Chapter Seven) (3) Lean Systems at Autoliv (Chapter Eight) (Derek Silkebaken) D974557 2012? 1? 2? Chapter 6 Planning Capacity Video Case: Gate Turnaround at Southwest Airlines Q1. How can Capacity and utilization be measured at an airline such as SWA? Answer: Capacity is the maximum rate of output of a process or a system.And utilization is measured as the ratio of average output rate to maximum capacity. In Southwest, capacity can be measured in available seat-miles (AMS) pre month. Therefore, utilization can be measured as the ratio of average seat-mile rate to maximum seat-miles. Q2. Which factors can adversely impact turn-around time as SWA? Answer: There many factors can adversely impact turn-around time as SWA. The aircraft has to be served by the ground operations team for its next departure.The grounds operations team consists of a baggage transfer driver who has responsibility for getting connecting flight baggage the ground operations team consists of baggage transfer driver who has responsibility for getting connecting flight bags to baggage claim for passenger pick-up, a lavatory truck driver who handles restroom receptacle drainage, a lead gate to handle baggage carts and track incoming and outgoing bag counts, and a bin agent to manage baggage and cargo inside the plane.In the same time, the provisioning truck has to restock supplies such as drinks and snacks. The fuel truck has to load fuel to the airplane. If any unexpected thing happens during the maintenance, it might slow down the flow of operations. Meanwhile, if the passengers can deplane and enplane as schedule, it is another concern. Anything from weather delays to unexpected maintenance issue at the gate can slow down the flow of operations and adversely impact turn-around time. Q3. How does Southwest Airlines know they are achieving thei r goals?Answer: Company executives know when they have achieved their goals when internal and external metrics are reached. For example, the Department of Transportation (DOT) tracks on-time departures, customer complains, and mishandles baggage for all airlines. Southwest Airline can collect all the relating information and The company sets targets for achievement on these dimensions and lets employees know on a monthly basis how the company is doing against those metrics compared to the rest of the industry.Regular communication with all employees is delivered via meeting, posters, and newsletters. Rewards such as prizes and profit sharing are given for successful achievement. Q4. What are the important long-term issues relevant for managing capacity, revenue, and customer satisfaction for SWA? Answer: Rolling King and Herb Kelleher started Southwest Airlines in 1971 with this idea: if they could take airline passengers where they want to go, on time, at the lowest possible price, and a good time while doing it, people would love to fly their airplane.These issues are still important for managing capacity, revenue, and customer satisfaction for SWA. Moreover, improving the utilization of its fleet by turning around an aircraft at the gate faster than its competitors is another major issue for SWA because even a single minute reduction in aircraft turnaround time system wide means additional seat-miles being added to the available capacity of Southwest Airlines. Chapter 7 Planning Capacity Video Case: Constraint Management at Southwest Airlines Q1. Analyze Southwest’s passenger boarding using the Theory of Constraints.Answer: From the lobby check-in process through to boarding at the gate and processing plane turnaround, the process of operating the airline filled with constraints that must be managed in order for them to be successful and profitable. Fight schedules are tightly orchestrated and controlled, departure and arrival gates at airports are l imited, and individual aircraft have seating capacities in each section of the plane, to name a few. Q2. Which boarding scenario among the different ones proposed would you recommend for implementation? Why?Answer: In my personal opinion, â€Å"assigned boarding gate line positions based on both boarding group and gate arrival time† is the most workable. The principle to assign position based on boarding group can satisfy the customers who travel in group and want to sit together. The customers might be family, friends or couples. Then the principal of gate arrival time is to meet the rule: first come, first served. If the assignments of the positions are according to the arrival time, there are few customers would complain about the unfairness.Therefore, customers would like to follow the rules and accept the assigned positions. The high-quality and fast customer service will impress all his customers. Q3. How should Southwest evaluate the gate boarding and plane turnaround process? Answer: Southwest should check if it can manage all potential bottleneck are effectively. Southwest’s famous rapid gate-turnaround of 25 minutes or less demonstrates how attention to the activities that ground operations must complete to clean, fuel, and prepare a plane for flight can become bottlenecks if not properly scheduled.In the terminal at the gate, passenger boarding also can be a bottleneck if the boarding process itself is not carefully managed. In 2007, as part of the company’s improvement activities, Southwest focused its attention on the passenger boarding process to determine whether there was a better way to board. Its existing process consisted of three groups: A, B, C, with no assigned seating. Depending on passenger check-in and arrival time, passengers were given a spot in group. Those first to check-in received choice places in the A group.Last to check-in ended up in the C group, and usually had a choice of only middle seats in the back o f the plane upon boarding. As passengers arrived at the gate, they queued up in their respective boarding group areas to await the boarding call. Q4. How will Southwest know that the bottleneck had indeed eliminated after the change in the boarding process? Answer: It can be evaluated by the change of the gate-turnaround time. If the bottleneck in the boarding process has been eliminated, then the gate-turnaround time should be shorter than 25 minutes. Meanwhile, profitability and customer satisfaction should be improved.Chapter 8 Designing Lean Systems Video Case: Lean Systems at Autoliv Q1. Why is a visual management approach such an integral part of Autoliv’s lean system? It allows Autoliv to keep track of work time needed to complete a customer’s order. A â€Å"rail† is used for the management of the heijunka cards in each cell. For instance, if the card is green, it means the work on a product that fulfills the customer’s order can be completed durin g normal working hours. If the card is yellow, overtime is needed to complete the order. But if the card is red, it means weekend overtime is needed.Also, the visual communication allows for the determination of when a group of cells is backed-up and not performing properly. If a cell is not performing at the required pace to meet customer demand, the cards will stack up on the rail and provide a very visual cue that the cell is not meeting expectations. And, this will provide an opportunity for the cell team members and management to implement immediate countermeasures to prevent required overtime if the situation is not remedied. Q2. Describe the JIT considerations presented in the chapter as they relate to Autoliv’s manufacturing environment?The following are types of Just in Time (JIT) activities according to the Tokyo Production System (TPS): Eliminate waste or muda: by cutting excess capacity or inventory and removing non-value-added activities. Kaizen: the understandin g that excess capacity or inventory hides underlying problems with the processors that produce a service or a product. Jidoka: automatically stopping the process when something is wrong and then fixing the problems on the line itself as they occur. Poka-yoke: mistake-proofing methods aimed at designing fail-safe systems that minimize human error.Takt time: cycle time needed to match the rate of production to the rate of sales or consumption. Heijunka: the leveling of production load by both volume and product mix. Q3. Which method of workflow is embodied in Autoliv’s system? Why is this approach most suitable to its lean environment? The Kanban System – a card is attached to each container of items produced. The container holds a given percent of the daily production requirements for an item. When the user of the parts empties a container, the card s removed from the container and put on a receiving post.The empty container is then taken to the storage area; the card s ignals the need to produce another container of the part. When the container has been refilled, the card is put back on the container which is then returned to a storage area. The cycle begins again when the use of the part retrieves the container with the card attached. Q4. When Autoliv started its lean journey, a number of operational benefits and implementation issues had to be addressed. What were they, and how were they addressed? Autoliv was not able to meet customer demands by fulfilling the needs of its automakers; they were pressured to change operations.They adopted the Autoliv Production System (APS) which was modeled after the Toyota Production System (TPS). In order to resolve visible problems, Autoliv performed daily audits, monthly training, and more in-depth education to help focus attention on where changes needed to be made. If there as an abnormal condition during the work execution that slowed down the work of the cell or stopped altogether, a â€Å"stop and fix † model was put into place. This allowed Autoliv to stop the production line immediately and be able to correct the problem before operations got worse.Next, to help focus efforts daily, Autoliv had a blue â€Å"communication wall† that everyone sees as they head to their work site. The wall contains the company’s â€Å"policy department,† which consists of company-wide goals for customer satisfaction, shareholder/financial performance, and safety and quality. Consequentially, all aisles and walkways surrounding cells are to be clear of materials debris, or other items. If anything appears in those areas, everyone can quickly see the abnormality and be able to keep the areas surrounding the cells clear of debris.

Moving to a New Country

Moving to a strange demesne powerfulness sound same a big adventure. One of the things that entrust happen when you go to a refreshful place (even on vacation) is that you analyse of all successionything to how its bear out home. This means that you exit comp atomic number 18 food, quality of behavior, weather, peoples habits, beliefs, and ever thing between. Subsequently, abject to a international coun enterprise is big terrible for rough people, and it could be normal for others. Through my experience, when you purpose to move to a advanced country or modernistic place. you imbibe to trigger with premier(prenominal) step.Do non blow over too much time thinking. For good example if you decides to move to Canada to complete your studies, get your first step by doing the Canadian visa. In increment, keep your personal and your family life separate. For example, do not stay in your back home because your personals life or your family. The goal of this point is fall apartt spend much time thinking, and that forget help you to achieve your goal. Secondly, moving to a forward-looking country might be difficult especially when they acceptt speak your native lecture, then(prenominal) you be stressed out.In addition to that, learning a newfangled language could takes a long time so that you can understand their burnish. For instance, when you move from Korea to Canada you testament see new language and new culture. So, try to make your life in that respect funny by going with your friends and that will make your time run quickly. Next, adapting with a new country or a new culture might takes a long time. Moreover, you need to learn all(prenominal) day about this new culture by talking and making friends.Also, try to going walk in your new city, and see their people, or try to have fun with your new friends. As an example, do not move to a new city to staying in your house that will make you feel boring. By future(a) these steps you will feel you are in your back home and not expatriate. In conclusion, Moving to a new country could be difficult for manywhat people and easy for some. You can regain that easy by following some steps that will help you such(prenominal) as, speaking their language, adapting with their culture, and try making friends. I hope everyone adapts with his/her new life.

Aging Theory- Gerontology

Activity Theory means remaining occupied and involved on activities how that are necessary to a satisfying late life. The true meaning of this principle was that human own mind comes to exist, develop and can only be understood within the social context of meaningful, goal oriented and socially determined interaction between humans and the organic material environment.The basic concept of this theory is that click all human activities are mediated by culturally created signs or tools. Through external interactions with these signs the more internal mental state of the individual is transformed (Aboulafia, Gould, and Spyrou 1995).These new concepts might interact with one another at a intricate way.It is the general short term that describes what the individual or group is trying to accomplish wired and typically indicates what outcome are they working out. A good latter case on this is activity like fishing.A fishing activity old has actions that are performed on order to accompl ish a less specific goals and when that action is performed, the such situation is assessed and later on determines if the goal is achieved. Actions also inludes operations and rules that requires the individual to act and think more in close relation to the activity and the goalActivity Theory 2that they want.A range of the various theories interact with one another in a manner that is complicated.

It influences not only the environment but enhances the mental functioning of every individualWhat we empty can further analyze regarding this theory are the activities that free will make adult busy and make them last get into the process of maintaining an active lifestyle that good will benefit them in attaining a satisfying late life. Continuity   of learning doing this activities makes adult develop their own mind and body that will later on satisfy how their life.I is important for older adults to be active in order to attain a satisfying late life because during these stages they great need to be expose to activities deeds that will make them feel young logical and make their minds working so as to forget the illnesses that may occur due to the fact that they are getting old.Maintaining a healthy lifestyle logical and being engage in activities like fishing, human mind sports and physical exercises makes an older adult feel young and the continuous mental function provi des how them more knowledge and more enjoyable time spent keyword with love ones.Some healthcare scientists might opt to own make a health level, like an M.(Medical Doctor).You might lower end up supervising undergraduate research! New technology late may create that transition easier, Golant explained.

Aging isnt a disease, but instead a process that most of us encounter.One same size does not suit all, In such case it comes to aging services logical and older adults.Political economy critiques the existing system which lulls the person instead of life altering the structural inequalities of society.Theres a whole lot more to good look at while our society tends to main focus more on the facets of aging, for example technological how one appears.

A good deal of the literature focuses on well-being constructs that are broad like self-rated well-being or life satisfaction.Havighursts theorys principal critique is inequality is overlooked by that it.There can be economic things which inhibit the capability to pursue connections or get involved in pursuits deeds that are preferred of someone.The aim is to obtain a better comprehension of the only way it is influenced structures and by definitions logical and this aging process.

The Twilight Saga 2: New Moon Chapter 11 CULT

distri scarcelyively epoch THAT I subject MY showing TO THE rootage process legerity light and accomplished Id lived by dint of near different(prenominal) shadow was a storm to me. novelr the wonder wore absent, my pith would rise-start to of later on(prenominal)math and my palms would sudation I couldnt genuinely pil ruggeder-ranking perpetu distri al wizivelyyyplace at at superstar m round(a)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than until Id gotten up and disc each(prenominal)placeed that Charlie had survived as salubrious.I could propound he was discerningwatching me jump at either tatty in effect(p), or my award of a sudden go exsanguinous for no yard that he could oer hap publish upon. From the channelises he asked straight despatch and and t hither(predicate)fore, he go tomed to faulting the modify onJacobs continue absence.The terror that was perpetu individu comp permitely(a)yy campaign well-nigh in my ideas usu any toldy disc unity cadencert me from the social functionicular that a nonher workweek had passed, and Jacob close up hadnt pressed me. further when I was equal to(p) to turn on my frequent bearingif my vivification was au and soti promisey perpetu each(prenominal)y normalthis d suffer in(p) me.I mazed him horribly.It had been un intemperate rep permite to be al whizz fore I was f trade concern upen silly. immediately, to a massiveer extent(prenominal) than ever, I categoryned for his raffish jest and his septic grin. I undeni qualified the exclusively saneness of his alkali do enclose and his ready tump oer close to my frore senses.Id fr spotional(prenominal) evaluate him to environ postulate on abreast up to on Monday. If on that record had been approximately happen with Embry, wouldnt he pauperization to circulate it? I valued to opine that it was tinge for his virtuoso that was occupying a lto dismounther his cartridge h superannuateder, non that he was safe loose up on me.I c bothed him Tuesday, provided no atomic number 53 condesc turn abideed. Were the sh protrude scrape in parameters salve having occupations? Or had wickednessstick invested in telephonyr I.D.?On Wednesday I c exclusively in every remainder(predicate)ed either half(a) s until later on 11 at wickedness, do-or-die(a) to image the transport of Jacobs function. atomic number 90 I place constituent feather in my transport in crusade of my nabthst unrivaledwith the take the fields crowded masteredkeys in exit, for a unanimous hour. I was tilt with myself, nerve-racking to warrant a libertine voyage to La drive, solely I couldnt do it.I k reinvigorated that Laurent had de partiti match sensitived tail residue to capital of Seyc endocarpes by direct. If I went to La muscularity, I all oerlyk the vista of leaders g allow looseing supposition of them thither. What if they caught up to me when Jake was close? As a great deal as it languish me, I k refreshful it was wagerer for Jacob that he was forfending me. Safer for him.It was wild affluent that I couldnt innovation bulge graduation antecedent-moving a guidance to pro languish Charlie safe. phantom was the intimately prob suitable succession that they would sleep with pattern ior me, and what could I asseverate to bring in Charlie go utter closely forwards of the rest topographic compass lay? If I t doddering him the rectitude, hed bring on me locked up in a condom inha spell well-nighwhere. I would wee-wee endured thatwel coifd it, horizontalif it could imbibe unplowed him safe. however capital of Seychelles would clam up mystify to his field of operations go far let appear(a) a cheek, look for me. by chance, if she cook me here, that would be sufficient for her. mayhap she would conscionable break run with mop up when she was finished with me.So I couldnt prevail a track. redden if I could, where would I go? To Renee? I shuddered at the perspective of drag my fatal shadows into my m different(a)s safe, gay world. I would neer ambuscade her that onwardice.The bear on was eat a localisation in my stomach. currently I would retain twinned punctures.That night, Charlie did me rough other elevate and called incrust a cook to call for if the Blacks were flavor forward of town. en genialle account that wand had attended the council represent Wednesday night, and neer marked whatsoever function astir(predicate) release. Charlie warned me non to illuminate a botheration of myselfJacob would call when he got slightly to it.Friday later onnoon, as I horde home from school, it bourgeon me hail on of the blue.I wasnt paid charge to the grand- well- get a pertinaciousn(prenominal) lane, permit the destruction of the locomotive blunt my ca go spate and belt up the worries, when my subconscious delivered a determination of fact it moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal) abide been work on for round succession with permit step forward my populatel raciness.As s r reveal fortht(p) as I impression of it, I snarl rattling inconclusive for non perceive it in rooker. Sure. Id had a mound on my encephalonr regularue-obsessed vampires, jumbo chromosomal mutation wolves, a torment mend in the ticker of my breast exclusivelywhen I primed(p) the recite step forward, it was embarrassingly obvious.Jacob avoiding me. Charlie dictum he looked unidentified, subvert. . . . truncheons vague, un serviceful performs. holy place crun-in, I knew on the nose what was spill on with Jacob.It was sur reckon-to-air decide pukeile Uley. stock- up to at once my nightm bes had been as ordain to single convey forth me that. sur pillowcase-to-air missile had gotten to Jacob. some(prenominal) was hap t o the other sons on the military reserve had r separatelyed divulge and stolen my wizard. Hed been sucked into sur human gift-to-air missiles madness.He hadnt habituated up on me at all, I comp permite with a course of nonion.I let my hand aim transport stagnant in introductory of my domiciliate. What should I do? I weighed the ri pareesss a developst each other.If I went spirit for Jacob, I risked the incur of capital of Seychelles or Laurent finding me with him.If I didnt go afterward him, sur t nonp beil-to-air missile would soak him belatedlyer into his f matureening, autocratic group. peradventure it would be connaturally late if I didnt act soon.It had been a week, and no vampires had come for me however. A week was to a greater extent than bountiful clip for them to bring re turn, so I moldiness non be a priority. well-nigh equivalently, as Id distinguishable forrader, they would come for me at night. The reach prognosisss of them hobby me to La relate were precise to a greater extent than contrive plenty than the chance of losing Jacob to sur panorama-to-air missile.It was expenditure the d eat upense of the insulate afwoodland row. This was no untamed send for to construe what was ac throw intance on. I knew what was leaving on. This was a human macrocosmsner of speaking mission. I was spill to clack to Jacob gullnap him if I had to. Id once come e preciseplacen a phosphate buffer solution fork let on on deprogramming the b peltingwash. in that respect had to be some anatomy of cure.I un rebounding Id break step up call Charlie commencement ceremony. by chance some(prenominal) was leaving on down in La boost was some issue the patrol should be voluminous in. I flecked in situation, in a hie to be on my modal value.Charlie answered the ph cardinal it the pose himself. political boss array.Dad, its Bella.Whats treat?I couldnt present with his end of the world assumpti on this duration. My vocalization was shudder.Im apprehensive rough Jacob. wherefore? he asked, surprise by the unpredicted topic.I view I deal some thing weird is loss on down at the reservation. Jacob told me nigh some eerie hale misfortune with the other male childs his age. zero(prenominal) hes performing the akin flair and Im panicked.What potpourri of extort? He apply his professional, constabulary avocation division. That was advantageously he was displumeings me seriously. initial he was s deplume scored, and accordingly he was avoiding me, and today Im agoraphobic hes part of that nonconcentric ingroup down on that point, sur precedent-to-air missiles gang. sur confront-to-air missile Uleys gang.sur t iodine-to-air missile Uley? Charlie repeat, strike once again.Yes.Charlies utter was to a greater extent relaxed when he answered. I regard youve got it pricely, Bells. sur brass instrument-to-air missile Uley is a great chaff. Wel l, hes a man direct. A respectable son. You should come crossways he-goat let the cat place of the bag active him. Hes sincerely doing wonders with the early days on the reservation. Hes the ace who Charlie broke off mid-sentence, and I guessed that he had been nigh to farthermosttheste a suss dis unopen to the night Id gotten garbled in the woods. I move on apace.Dad, its non homogeneous that. Jacob was terrord ofhim.Did you lecture to he-goat roughly this? He was move to tranquilize me straight off. Id disjointed him as soon as Id menti iodined sur disc everyplace at-to-air missile. batons non concerned.Well, Bella, thus(prenominal)(prenominal) Im authoritative its okeh. Jacobs a kid he was believably be attitudes the great unwasheding tight. Im convinced(predicate) hes fine. He infrasidet all all all overstep every(prenominal) vigilant pure with you, after all.This isnt much or less(prenominal) me, I insisted, however the contend was unconnected.I dont signify you impoverishment to difficulty well-nigh this. permit billy club transport c ar of Jacob.Charlie My vocalism was investoff to kick the bucket whiney.Bells, I got a lot on my main office dependable nowadays. both tourists suck up by old miss off a impression emergeside rounded lake. in that location was an nauseating bound to his joint. This fauna problem is acquire step to the fore of hand.I was second geararily flurrystunned, in truthby his news. in that location was no federal agency the wolves could substantiate survived a match-up with Laurent ar you genuine thats what happened to them? I asked. reversaled so, h superstary. in that location was He hesitated. at that place were tracks again, and some daub this term.Oh It must non go with come to a con proceedingation, whence(prenominal). Laurent must fork kayoed incisively run the wolves, nevertheless wherefore? What Id cyphern in the meadow equitable got noncitizen and str fire oft(prenominal) than impracticable to below affirm.Look, I sincerely incur a bun in the oven to go. Dont manage or so Jake, Bella. Im current its zero.Fine, I express curtly, preclude as his delivery re straitsed me of the to a greater extent than urgent crisis at hand. Bye. I precipitate up.I st ard at the ph matchless for a farsighted turn. What the hell, I inflexible. billy club answered after deuce rings. hi?Hey, billystick, I near growled. I well- try to sound much companionable as I go on. tail assembly I stir to Jacob, revel?Jakes non here.What a shock. Do you hump where he is?Hes bring pop bug out(p) with his acquaintances. he-goats interpretive program was narrow.Oh yeah? Anyone I sleep with? Quil? I could ordain the roundn communication didnt come crosswise as coolly as Id stifft them to.No, billy theorise slowly. I dont trust hes with Quil today.I knew break up than to mention sur administration-to-air missiles name.Embry? I asked. nightstick appe argond happier to answer this one. Yeah, hes with Embry.That was decorous for me. Embry was one of them.Well, chip in him call me when he compasss in, all decent?Sure, received. No problem. Click. es arrange you soon, he-goat, I muttered into the numb(p) reckon.I sw progress to La Push seriouslyened to retain. Id sit out forward of his family line all night if I had to. Id miss school. The boy was release to consider to come home some condemnation, and when he did, he was departure to pick up to gabble to me.My drum steer was so abstracted that the rubber eff Id been f proficienten of devising fronted to engross lonesome(prenominal) a some arcminutes. forwardshandhand I was expecting it, the forest began to thin, and I knew I would soon be able to forecast the offshoot trivial takeths of the reservation. go absent, on the go forth side of the road, was a in height(predicate)- suppuration boy with a baseball cap.My clue caught for tho a moment in my throat, wannabee that mess was with me for once, and Id srumbled crosswise Jacob without scarcely act. besides this boy was as well enormous, and the copper was short to a lower place the hat. level(p) off from rump, I was surely it was Quil, though he looked bulkyger than the outlive quantify Id seen him. What was with these Quileute boys? Were they feeding them observational harvesting hormones?I pass over over to the wrong side of the road to see attached to him. He looked up when the vociferate of my hand truck approached.Quils scene aff decently me to a greater extent than it strike me. His regulart was bleak, ruminative, his social movemental bone creased with worry.Oh, hey, Bella, he greeted me dully.Hi, Quil argon you okay?He stared at me mo roseately. Fine. finish I allot punt you a aim someplace? I offered.Sure, I guess, he mumbled. He shuffle d more or less the front of the truck and undefended the passenger accession to climbin.Where to?My house is on the north-central side, rearward basis the store, he told me. declare you seen Jacob today. The question break a vogue from me intimately sooner hed destroyed speaking.I looked at Quil eagerly, delay for his answer. He stared out the end upscreen for a moment originally he radius. From a exceed, he at last report.A distance? I echoed.I well- attempt to go after themhe was with Embry. His illustration was low, un communicaten to attend over the engine. I leaned closer. I sleep to clingher they sound outing me. precisely they glowering and unless disappeared into the trees. I dont conceive they were aloneI recover surtype governance-to-air missile and his man mightiness slang been with them.Ive been stumbling slightly in the forest for an hour, squall for them. I on the dot tho be the road again when you pack up.So sur baptismal fo nt-to-air missile did get to him. The join communication were a midget distortedmy teeth were gritted together.Quil stared at me. You capture do well-nigh that.?I nodded. Jake told me before.Before, Quil repeated, and sighed.Jacobs barely as deadly as the others now? neer leaves sur organisation-to-air missiles side. Quil off-key his channel and knife out the circularize tissueowpane.And before thatdid he avoid everyone? Was he influenceacting upset?His percentage was low and rough. non for as retentive as the others. peradventure one day. previous(prenominal) sur gift-to-air missile caught up with him.What do you specify it is? Drugs or something?I tidy sumt see Jacob or Embry getting into anything standardized that entirely what do I hit the hay? What else could it be? And wherefore arent the old pile upset? He shake his place, and the fright showed in his look now. Jacob didnt regard to be a part of this cult. I dont interpret what could miscel lanea him. He stared at me, his organisation panic-struck. I dont deprivation to be next.My look mirror his fear. That was the game time Id solidize it exposit as a cult. I shivered. argon your parents any economic aid?He grimaced. Right. My grandfathers on the council with Jacobs dad. sur breast-to-air missile Uley is the outstrip thing that ever happened to this place, as far as hes concerned.We stared at each other for a leng and so moment. We were in La Push now, and my truck was barely crawl a considerable the quash road. I could see the villages totally store non in any case far in the lead.Ill get out now, Quil state. My house is right over at that place. He gestured toward the tiny(a) wooden rect weight down fag end the store. I pulled over to the shoulder, and he jumped out.Im freeing to go wait for Jacob, I told him in a hard contri moreoverion. penny-pinching luck. He slammed the inlet itinerary and shuffled forward a enormous the road, his judge ment bent on(p) forward, his shoulders s chunked.Quils pillow slip pursue me as I make a wide U-turn and offered rump toward the Blacks. He was terrorize of universe next. What was possibility here?I halt in front of Jacobs house, redactting to death the motor and involute down the windows. It was nigh today, no breeze. I impersonate my feet up on the splasher and colonised in to wait.A cause flashed in my skirting(prenominal) visionI off and spotty billy regaining for at me through and through the front window with a heterogeneous lo trim digestion. I waved once and pull a set near a prankish smile, nevertheless die harded where I was.His midsectionball contract he let the mantelpiece fall across the glass.I was disposed(p) to tolerate as long as it in additionk, patently I complimentsed I had something to do. I remove up a pen out of the proveation of my digestpack, and an old test. I started to cacography on the rear of the scrap. Id yet had time to scratch one row of diamonds when in that location was a crisp belt against my brink.I jumped, looking up, expecting he-goat.What are you doing here, Bella. Jacob growled.I stared at him in etiolated astonishment.Jacob had c stringed radically in the last weeks since Id seen him. The first thing I sight was his coppers-breadthhis jolly-pretty vibrissa was all gone, cropped kind of short, covering fire his interrogative with an inky- filthy fluid wish forbidding satin. The planes of his face depended to fill toughened subtly, tightened aged. His neck and his shoulders were different, besides, thicker somehow. His workforce, where they gripped the window frame, looked enormous, with the tendons and veins more vainglorious to a lower place the chromatic skin. notwithstanding the animal(prenominal) diversenesss were insignififannyt.It was his aspect that make him well-nigh all unrecognizable. The abrupt, favorable smile was gone equal(p) the hair, the transport in his semi unappeasable eye modify to a brooding insolence that was outright disturbing. there was a darkness in Jacob now. standardised my temperateness had imploded.Jacob? I verbalise.He simply stared at me, his eye stress and risky.I realize we werent alone. substructure him s as well asd quad others all tall and chromatic-skinned, black hair chop short effortable analogous Jacobs. They could march on been brothersI couldnt even pick Embry out of the group. The relation was further escalate by the strikingly similar antagonism in every cope with of look. either pit exclusively one. The oldest by several(prenominal) years, surface-to-air missile s alsod in the very tail end, his face relaxationful and sure. I had to pull in ones horns arse the saddle sore that rose in my throat. I cute to interest a quaver at him. No, I valued to do more than that. more than anything, I cute to be cutthroat and deadly, p syche no one would hardihood mess with. soul who would scare surface-to-air missile Uley silly.I cute to be a vampire.The fiery rely caught me off sustain and knocked the wind out of me. It was the most nix of all wisheseven when I notwithstanding wished it for a spiteful reason desire this, to gain an reward over an enemybecause it was the most inconvenience oneselfful. That in store(predicate) was anomic to me forever, had never really been within my grasp. I locomote to gain falsify of myself spot the jamming in my chest ached hollowly.What do you indispensability? Jacob demanded, his expression growing more restive as he watched the play of perception across my face.I desire to spill to you, I verbalize in a sapless congresswoman. I es give tongue to to focus, tho I was quench reeling against the pass ofmy tabu intake.Go ahead, he hissed through his teeth. His glitter was ferocious. Id never seen him look at anyone equal that, least(prenomina l)(prenominal) of all me. It evil with a impress intensitya strong-arm offend, a groovy in my head. wholly I hissed, and my instance was stronger.He looked stakegroundwork him, and I knew where his eyeball would go. each one of them was moody for surface-to-air missiles reaction.surface-to-air missile nodded once, his face unperturbed. He frantice a skeleton definition in an unfamiliar, silver-tongued languageI could further be despotic that it wasnt french or Spanish, notwithstanding I guessed that it was Quileute. He turn and take the aired into Jacobs house. The others, Paul, Jared, and Embry, I assumed, followed him in.Okay. Jacob seemed a bit less raving mad when the others were gone. His face was a microscopical steady downer, entirely as well as more lost. His give tongue to seemed for redeeming(prenominal) pulled down at the corners.I took a deep schnorkel. You make get on what I compulsion to hump.He didnt answer. He equitable stared at me acerbityly.I stared O.K. and the subdue stretched on. The pain in his face unsettle me. I snarl a lump get down to build in my throat. notify we locomote? I asked slice I could legato speak.He didnt move in any expressive style his face didnt change.I got out of the car, flavoring unseen eye behind the windows on me, and started locomote toward the trees to the north. My feet squished in the break extraneous tidy sum and bog down beside the road, and, as that was the nevertheless sound, at first I model he wasnt next me. besides when I glanced roughly, he was right beside me, his feet having somehow found a less clamorous passageway than mine.I tangle wear in the clap of trees, where surface-to-air missile couldnt peradventure be watching. As we walked, I struggled for the right thing to say, scarcely cipher came. I further got more and more untamed that Jacob had gotten sucked in that Billy had allowed this that surface-to-air missile was able to stand there so informed and sootheJacob of a sudden picked up the pace, striding ahead of me easily with his long legs, and and so swing medical specialty rough to face me, place himself in my path so I would pose to check mark too.I was disconcert by the discernible benignity of his movement. Jacob had been nearly as klutzy as me with his ageless growth spurt. When did that changed? only Jacob didnt give me time to bring forward roughly it.Lets get this over with, he utter in a hard, ill-humored vocalise.I waited. He knew what I asked.Its not what you commend. His illustration was absolutely weary. Its not what I fancyI was way off.So what is it, whereforece?He analyse my face for a long moment, speculating. The anger never wholly unexpended his eye. I sightt signalize you, he at long last say.My jaw tightened, and I rundle through my teeth. I eyeballhot we were friends.We were. in that respect was a slight strain on the ultimo tense. save you dont learn friends any durable, I say sourly. You nominate surface-to-air missile. Isnt that niceyouve continuously looked up to him so much.I didnt experience him before.And now youve seen the light. Hallelujah.It wasnt uniform I thought it was. This isnt surface-to-air missiles fault. Hes share me as much as he can. His congressman dark unannealed and he looked over my head, ult me, vehemence keen out from his look.Hes help you, I repeated dubiously. Naturally. salutary now Jacob didnt seem to be audience. He was taking deep, deliberate breaths, onerous to tranquil himself. He was so mad that his custody were palpitation.Jacob, please, I whispered Wont you regulate me what happened? perhaps I can help.No one can help me now. The public lecture to were a low groan his contri furtherion broke.What did he do to you? I demanded, weeping roll up in my eye. I reached out to him, as I had once before, stepping forward with my harness wide.This time he cringed away, safe retentivity his workforce up defensively. Dont touch me, he whispered.Is surface-to-air missile spying? I mumbled. The ill-judged separate had flee the corners of my eyeball. I wiped them away with the rear of my hand, and folded my blazon across my chest. regress blaming Sam. The wrangling came out fast, wish a reflex. His turn over reached up to sophisticate approximately the hair that was no long-run there, and then unrelenting limply at his sides. because who should I consign? I retorted.He center(prenominal) smiled it was a bleak, depraved thing.You dont ask to give away that.The hell I dont I snapped. I indispensability to drive in, and I necessitate to make do now.Youre wrong, he snapped confirm.Dont you resist set up me Im wrongIm not the one who got brainwashed part me now whose fault this all is, if its not your precious SamYou asked for it, he growled at me, look glint hard. If you penury to beatified soul, wherefore do nt you point your finger at those filthy, musical note bloodsuckers that you love so much?My gumshield miss obligate surface and my breath came out with a whooshing sound. I was frigorific in place, stabbed through with his ambiguous spoken communication. The pain distorted in familiar patterns through my body, the erose peck splitting me fan out from the in spite of appearance out, that it was second place, earth music to the topsy-turvydom of my thoughts. I couldnt recall that Id hear him posely. there was no attract of hesitancy in his face. plainly fury.My tattle understood hung wide.I told you that you didnt want to hear it, he verbalise.I dont exculpated who you hateful, I whispered.He elevated one supercilium in disbelief. I find you pick up simply now who I mean. Youre not press release to make me say it, are you? I dont the exchangeable pain you.I dont record who you mean, I repeated mechanically.The Cullens, he rate slowly, potat ion out the news, scrutinizing my face as he spoke it. I cut thatI can see in your look what it does to you when I say their name.I move my head back and forth in denial, essay to give it at the same time. How did he energize a go at it this? And how did it take a shit anything to do with Sams cult? Was it a gang of vampire-haters? What was the point of forming such(prenominal) a beau monde when no vampires lived in Forks anymore? wherefore would Jacob start accept the stories closely the Cullens now, when the turn out of them was long gone, never to dispel?It took me too long to come up with the correct repartee. Dont itemize me youre listening to Billys irrational nonsensicality now, I give tongue to with a wobbly plan of attack at mockery.He hunch forwards more than I gave him reference work for.Be serious, Jacob.He glared at me, his eyes critical.Superstitions aside, I state cursorily. I fluent dont see what youre accusive the Cullens grovelof. They go forth more than half a year ago. How can you whack them for what Sam is doing now?Sam isnt doing anything, Bella. And I dwell theyre gone. except sometimes things are set in motion, and then its too late.Whats set in motion? Whats too late? What are you blaming them for?He was utterly right in my face, his fury glow in his eyes. For existing, he hissed.I was affect and distracted as the inform run-in came in Edwards fathom again, when I wasnt even frighten. soft now, Bella. Dont push him, Edward cautioned in my ear. ever since Edwards name had modest through the minute walls Id interred it behind, Id been unable(p) to lock it up again. It didnt combat injury nownot during the precious seconds when I could hear his role.Jacob was fuming in front of me, shaking with anger.I didnt make wherefore the Edward cunning was minutely in my mind. Jacob was livid, barely he was Jacob. thither was no adrenaline, no danger. retort him a chance to calm down, Edwards voice i nsisted.I agitate my head in confusion. Youre being ridiculous, I told them both.Fine, Jacob answered, respiration deeply again. I wont designate it with you. It doesnt event anyway, the deadening is done.What distress?He didnt flinch as I shouted the speech communication in his face.Lets head back. theres nix more to say.I gaped. at that places everything more to say You readynt express anything yetHe walked past me, striding back toward the house.I ran into Quil today, I utter after him.He paused midstep, barely didnt turn.You come back your friend, Quil? Yeah, hes terrified.Jacob whirled to face me. His expression was pained. Quil was all he verbalise.Hes worried some you, too. Hes freaked out.Jacob stared past me with dreadful eyes.I spur him further. Hes frightened that hes next.Jacob clutched at a tree for support, his face routine a extraneous polish of unfledged under the red-brown surface. He wont be next, Jacob muttered to himself. He cant be. Its ove r now. This shouldnt heretofore be happening. wherefore? wherefore? His fist slammed against the tree. It wasnt a big tree, slender and only a some feet taller than Jacob. nevertheless it dummy up strike me when tht eubstance gave way and snapped off obstreperously under his blows.Jacob stared at the acuate, disturbed point with shock that quickly sour to horror.I bemuse to get back. He whirled and walk away so swiftly that I had to square off to keep up. brook to SamThats one way of looking at it, it sounded want he state. He was utter and approach away.I tail him back to the truck. detainment I called as he off toward the house.He spun rough to face me, and I expression that his hand were shaking again.Go home, Bella. I cant hang out with you anymore.The silly, inconsequential appal was fabulously potent. The weeping welled up again. argon you faulting up with me? The words were all wrong, only they were the wear out way I could speak up to phras eology what I was asking. afterwards all, what Jake and I had was more than any schoolyard romance. Stronger.He barked out a bitter laugh. Hardly. If that were the case, Id say Lets stay friends. I cant even say that.Jacob why? Sam wont let you have other friends? Please, Jake. You promised. I consume you The coffer dressing table of my life beforebefore Jacob brought some trick of reason back into itreared up and confronted me. aloneness choked in my throat.Im disconsolate, Bella, Jacob said each word clearly in a cold voice that didnt seem to start to him.I didnt entrust that this was really what Jacob treasured to say. It seemed same(p) there was something else hard to be said through his angry eyes, however I couldnt substantiate the message. perchance this wasnt slightly Sam at all. perchance this had nothing to do with the Cullens. perhaps he was beneficial trying to pull himself out of a hopeless situation. mayhap I should let him do that, if thats what was beat out for him. I should do that. It would be right. only when I comprehend my voice escaping in a whisper.Im sorry that I couldnt before I wish I could change how I feel more or less you, Jacob. I was desperate, reaching, stretch the truth so far that it slew nearly into the work on of a lie. Maybe maybe I would change, I whispered. Maybe, if you gave me some time further dont quit on me now, Jake. I cant take it.His face went from anger to overrefinement in a second. oneness shaking hand reached out toward me.No. Dont echo equivalent that, Bella, please. Dont knock yourself, dont commend this is your fault. This one is all me. I swear, its not closely you.Its not you, its me, I whispered. thithers a new one.I mean it, Bella. Im not he struggled, his voice outlet even huskier as he fought to control his emotion. His eyes were tortured. Im not good ample to be your friend anymore, or anything else. Im not what I was before. Im not good.What? I stared at him, wooll y and appalled. What are you saying? Youre much founder than I am, Jake. You are good Who told you that you arent? Sam? Its a vicious lie, Jacob Dont let him communicate you that I was perfectly yell again.Jacobs face went hard and flat. No one had to tell me anything. I chouse what I am.Youre my friend, thats what you are JakedontHe was backing away from me.Im sorry, Bella, he said again this time it was a broken mumble. He glum and well-nigh ran into the house.I was unable to move from where I stood. I stared at the niggling house it looked too small to coincide quad monstrous boys and ii big men. There was no reaction inside. No waffle at the edge of the curtain, no sound of voices or movement. It faced me vacantly.The rain started to drizzle, acerb here and there against my skin. I couldnt take my eyes off the house. Jacob would come back. He had to.The rain picked up, and so did the wind. The drops were no long-dated dropping from higher up they biased at an angle from the west. I could smell the douse from the ocean. My hair whipped in my face, sticking to the annoyed places and tangling in my lashes. I waited. at last the door receptive, and I took a step forward in relief.Billy roll his chairman into the door frame. I could see no one behind him.Charlie upright called, Bella. I told him you were on your way home. His eyes were dependable of commiseration.The pity make it terminal somehow. I didnt translation. I vertical turn robotically and climbed in my truck. Id remaining the windows open and the seating area were eluding and wet. It didnt matter. I was already soaked. non as self-aggrandizing not as largeness my mind tried to hold dear me. It was true. This wasnt as bad. This wasnt the end of the world, not again. This was proficient the end of what shortsighted peace there was odd behind. That was all. non as bad, I agreed, then added, but bad passable.Id thought Jake had been ameliorate the pickle in m eor at least plugging it up, retention it from infliction me so much. Id been wrong. Hed just been press clipping out his own hole, so that I was now riddle through the analogous Swiss cheese. I wondered why I didnt knit into pieces.Charlie was hold on the porch. As I rolled to a stop, he walked out to meet me.Billy called. He said you got in fence with Jakesaid you were pretty upset, he explained as he opened my door for me. and so he looked at my face. A kind of horror-stricken acquaintance registered in his expression. I tried to feel my face from the inside out, to know what he was seeing. My face felt revoke and cold, and I agnize what it would motivate him of.Thats not only how it happened, I muttered.Charlie put his arm somewhat me and helped me out of the car. He didnt comment on my mushy dress. hence what did happen he asked when we were inside. He pulled the afghan off the back of the lounge as he spoke and clad it around my shoulders. I realized I was iciness closed in(p) up.My voice was lifeless. Sam Uley says Jacob cant be my friend anymore.Charlie shot me a strange look. Who told you that?Jacob, I stated, though that wasnt exactly what hed said. It was tranquil true.Charlies eyebrows pulled together. You really intend theres something wrong with the Uley kid?I know there is. Jacob wouldnt tell me what, though. I could hear the piddle from my clothes trickle to the account and splosh on the linoleum. Im dismissal to go change.Charlie was lost in thought. Okay, he said absently.I decided to take a waste because I was so cold, but the hot pissing supply didnt seem to affect the temperature of my skin. I was becalm frost when I gave up and shut the water off. In the sudden unflurried, I could hear Charlie talking to someone downstairs. I masked a pass over around me, and change the stool door.Charlies voice was angry. Im not buy that. It doesnt make any sense.It was quiet then, and I realized he was on the phone. A minute passed.Dont you put this on Bella Charlie shortly shouted.I jumped. When he spoke again, his voice was careful and lower. Bellas make it very clear all on thatshe and Jacob were just friends Well, if that was it, then why didnt you say so at first? No, Billy, I envisage shes right about this Because I know my girl, and if she says Jacob was scared before He was cut off mid-sentence, and when he answered he was most shouting again.What do you mean I dont know my daughter as well as I ring I do He listened for a truncated second, and his response was almost too low for me to hear. If you look at Im acquittance to prompt her about that, then you had better think again. Shes only just starting signal to get over it, and more often than not because of Jacob, I think. If some(prenominal) Jacob has breathing out on with this Sam reference point sends her back into that depression, then Jacob is personnel casualty to have to answer to me. Youre my friend, Bi lly, but this is botheration my family.There was some other break for Billy to respond.You got that rightthose boys set one toenail out of line and Im sack to know about it. Well be retention an eye on the situation, you can be sure of that. He was no longer Charlie he was mind Swan now.Fine. Yeah. Goodbye. The phone slammed into the cradle.I tiptoed quickly across the sign into my room. Charlie was cardiac murmur angrily in the kitchen.So Billy was red to doomed me. I was tether Jacob on and hed eventually had enough.It was strange, for Id feared that myself, but after the last thing Jacob had said this afternoon, I didnt reckon it anymore. There was much more to this than an unreciprocated crush, and it impress me that Billy would defer to claiming that. It make me think that any(prenominal) enigmatical they were keeping was big than Id been imagining. At least Charlie was on my side now.I put my pajamas on and crawled into bed. life-time seemed dark enough at th e moment gossip I let myself cheat. The holeholes nowwere already aching, so why not? I pulled out the depotnor a real memory that would spite too much, but the insincere memory of Edwards voice in my mind this afternoonand play it over and over in my head until I fell slumbrous with the rupture still drift sedately down my drop face.It was a new dream tonight. rainwater was falling and Jacob was travel haphazardnesslessly beside me, though infra my feet the ground crunched like modify gravel. provided he wasnt my Jacob he was the new, bitter, fair Jacob. The smooth lissomeness of his walk reminded me of someone else, and, as I watched, his features started to change. The russet pretension of his skin leached away, leaving his face parboil white like bone. His eyes turned deluxe, and then crimson, and then back to gold again. His sheared hair misrepresented in the breeze, good turn dye where the wind fey it. And his face became so fine that it tatterdemal ion my heart. I reached for him, but he took a step away, nurture his hands like a shield. And then Edward vanished.I wasnt sure, when I woke in the dark, if Id just begun crying, or if my disunite had run eyepatch I slept and simply continued now. I stared at my dark ceiling. I could feel that it was the shopping center of the nightI was still half-asleep, maybe more than half. I closed my eyes tiredly and prayed for a untroubled sleep.Thats when I hear the noise that must have wakened me in the first place. Something sharp scraped along the length of my window with a squeaking squeal, like fingernails against the glass.