How to Purify Sodium Chloride From Rock Salt

Step by step instructions to Purify Sodium Chloride From Rock Salt Rock salt or halite is a mineral the contains sodium chloride (table salt) just as different minerals and pollutions. You can expel the vast majority of these contaminants utilizing two straightforward decontamination methods: filtration and dissipation. Materials Rock saltWaterSpatulaFilter paperFunnelEvaporating dishBeaker or graduated cylinderTripodBunsen burner Filtration On the off chance that the stone salt is one enormous lump, crush it into a powder utilizing a mortar and pestle or an espresso grinder.Add 30-50 milliliters of water to 6 storing spatula scoops of rock salt.Stir to break down the salt.Place the channel paper in the mouth of the funnel.Place the dissipating dish under the pipe to gather the liquid.Slowly empty the stone salt arrangement into the pipe. Ensure you dont over-fill the channel. You dont need the fluid to stream around the highest point of the channel paper since then it isnt getting filtered.Save the fluid (filtrate) that gets through the channel. Huge numbers of the mineral contaminants didn't break down in the water and were deserted on the channel paper. Vanishing Spot the vanishing dish containing the filtrate on the tripod.Position the Bunsen burner under the tripod.Slowly and cautiously heat the dissipating dish. In the event that you apply an excess of warmth, you could break the dish.Gently heat the filtrate until all the water is no more. Its alright if the salt precious stones murmur and move a little.Turn off the burner and gather your salt. Albeit a few contaminations stay in the materials, a significant number of them were evacuated just by utilizing the distinction in solvency in water, mechanical filtration, and by applying warmth to drive off unstable mixes. Crystallization In the event that you need to additionally purge the salt, you can break down your item in heated water and solidify the sodium chloride from it.

Journal Reflection for Human Capital Management - myassignmenthelp

Question: Talk about theJournal Reflection for Human Capital Management. Answer: Retailing is characterized as a lot of business activities that improve the estimation of products and ventures offered to customers for individual use while the retailer is the name of the business occupied with the abovementioned. Retailers have a job in meeting the purchaser need through profiting items at the ideal spot at that point and in the correct amount and cost. Retailers make an immense commitment to the Canadian economy as confirm by the $ 505 billion deals in 2014, over half of Canada economy is in the hands of the retailers. Retailers offer a few open doors for people to build up their professions just as those with enterprising aptitudes to set up them. Overseeing of the retail business accompanies a ton of obstacles firm rivalry being in the front line. The Intertype, intertype and mixed product all offer a wide scope of rivalry for the retailer (Hul, 1997). The administration of retail shops should settle on the best choices in regards to the most famous retail blend, factors that impact buy choices and the methods of showing the product. Morals are the rules that control how people and organizations carry on such that assembles a satisfactory affiliation. Various retailers have a one of a kind code of morals that enables the workers to do the correct things. Retailers come in differing types the fundamental ones are; Retail establishments, these are retailers who bargain in a wide scope of product organized in the classification into differing areas of the physical retail space. Grocery stores, manage different types of food and refreshments as we as home items, garments and hardware (Bogardus, 1964). Claim to fame retailers, they spend significant time in a novel class of products. Markdown retailer, they sell a wide scope of products which are regularly private named Portable retailer, do their exchanges by means of a versatile stage yet no physical shipment of items to the buyers. Distribution center retailers, stock their offices in huge stockrooms. The idea of items sold shifts however are pressed in gigantic amounts which are sold at lower costs than the retail value (Farfan, 2017). A shoppers choice on buy initially started by perceiving the need, either through utilitarian or libertine, subsequently, customers look for data in regards to a few retailers before choosing the ones that best suit their interest. The buy choice may be influenced by factors like social experience, experience, force and status too incitement (Berliant Raa, 1988). In an offer to pull in more customers to their store retailers utilize music and visual presentations. Along with this, some put across exhibits and fragrances to make an additionally engaging shopping experience. Their flyers and lists are likewise planned with illustrations and photos for customer incitement. A market portion is a gathering of buyers will comparative needs. The market division permits the retailers to recognize a market specialty and offer items which are expended in the region. The market division is done dependent on geographic areas that is isolating the purchasers dependent on their nations or locales, likewise, demography is a factor in division where the sex of the customers is utilized to characterize them. The utilization of geodemographic set up purchasers dependent on their purchasing propensities. The way of life purchasing circumstance and advantages looked for after are for the most part different ways retailers use to assemble shoppers needs. A retail showcase is a lot of clients whose necessities meet. For a retailer to build up an upper hand which the business can continue the necessities to fortify his bond with the shoppers and providers. Moreover, the inner tasks ought to as effective as could be expected under the circumstances and the brand picture made solid. For the business to develop the retailer can seek after market entrance, this will include investing more energy on the current retailing arrangement to arrive at a greater level of the current customers. This is finished by setting up approaches to make more purchasers pulled in to the store (Jones Shaw, 2006). Besides, the retailer can go to the market extension where he utilizes the present configuration towards drawing in new market portions. Additionally, he may consider retail design improvement where he goes for an alternate retail configuration to meet the new needs in the present market. A last choice will be enhancement where the retailer will utilize current deals organization to cook for a developing business sector fragment not as of now served. The advancement of a methodology is a stepwise procedure which includes the meaning of the business crucial, the circumstance, recognizing the vital chances, assessment options, characterizing the particular targets and distributing assets, produce appropriate retail blend lastly assessing the exhibition and making essential changes. Human asset the board focus on the arrangement of accessible human man asset to the short and long haul objectives of the retail. Powerful chiefs will work well with the representatives thus maintaining a strategic distance from visit takeoff, when workers are all around prepared they will have what it takes to set up the store outwardly likewise, business whose workers offer extraordinary administrations will be route in front of the contenders (Armstrong, 2006). The structure of the association considers the degree of centralisation of dynamic and approaches material in planning product and the executives of the store. Centralization involves appointing errands to the corporate directors while decentralization is portrayed by an assignment of power to the lower levels of the retail. Pay of representatives follows a composed approach that shows what assignments the workers are capable and qualified for, motivators, for example, commission and rewards are utilized as rousing elements. Likewise, the way of life of the association assumes a job in the remuneration plot. Enrollment of workers should be possible by utilization of the present set as a scout just as focusing on the minority, settlers and the seniors. There are a few patterns in human asset that the retailers must consider one such issue is assorted variety the executives. Moreover, lawful and administrative issues, for example, work relations. Representatives wellbeing and wellbeing, just as remuneration, must be thought of. Shrinkage is lost stock coming about because of workers or shoppers shoplifting, scattering or harm. Its crucial to control to improve the retail execution (Wood, 2009). References Armstrong, M., 2006. Human capital administration. A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, s.l.: Kogan Page Publishers. Berliant, M. Raa, T. T., 1988. An establishment of area hypothesis: Consumer inclinations and request. Diary of Economic Theory, 44(2), p. 336. Bogardus, E., 1964. Standards of Cooperation., Chicago, Illinois: The Cooperative League of the U.S.A. Farfan, B., 2017. the parity. [Online] Available at: https://www.thebalance.com/what-is-retail-2892238 [Accessed 28 September 2017]. Hul, M. D. L. a. C. J.- C., 1997. the effects of music on shoppers' responses to sitting tight for administrations. Diary of Retailing, 73(1), p. 87104. Jones, B. D. G. Shaw, E. H., 2006. A History of Marketing Thought, Handbook of Marketing. s.l. Weitz, Barton A.; Wensley, Robin. Wood, D. G. C. . G., 2009. Human asset the executives: A basic methodology. In: D. G. . W. G. Collings, ed. Human asset the board: A basic methodology. London: Routledge, pp. 1-15.

Humbert Humbert and Cue - Literature Essay Samples

in the destructive element immerse(from Lord Jim, by Joseph Conrad)Through the lens of Humbert Humberts obsession with la nymphette Lolita, (Lo-lee-ta light of my life, fire of my loins(9)), Nabokov explores and illuminates the cyclical and ever deepening spiral of human desire. Humbert Humbert, thrown back and forth between desire and decision, the two things that create a live world(71), crosses countless times the slim and shadowy line between purest ecstasy and most wretched despair. In Lolita, Nabokov blurs the defining lines between love and perversion, right and wrong, presenting them, in uncomfortably close juxtaposition, as essentially dependent upon each other.Humbert Humbert is a tortured man, deeply divided between a sensitive rationality, and his undeniable lust for a forbidden and unripened fruit. United in him are the impulses of a romantic European gentleman, and the obsessions of a lascivious and lecherous old man silently lusting after the tantalizingly ephemera l nymphet he is a volatile, fatal juxtaposition of opposite extremes. After years of this silent lust, of abusing himself in the dark(88), Humbert Humbert finds Lolita. An ultimate nymphet, Dolly Haze gives herself up to H.H.s desire, going with him on a perverse holiday across the American landscape. This satisfaction of [Humbert Humberts] passion(175) is the seed of his own destruction. It is at this point in the novel that the reader discerns in its entirety the complex tragedy of Humbert Humbert. In his capacity, he loves Lolita with all the tenderness in his heart, ( I loved her hopelessly it was love at first sight, at last sight, at ever and ever sight(270)); his love transcends his lust for her as a nymphet and he is painfully aware of the harm he inflicts upon her, but he cannot ignore his desires and carnal passions: The moral sense in mortals is the duty we have to pay on mortal sense of duty.(283) As his tortured pleasure spree continues ( a paradise whose skies were the color of hell flames(166)), Humbert Humberts guilt and self-loathing heighten, manifesting themselves in Quilty, the phantom follower, that red ghost swimming and shivering with lust in my mirror(217). Cue enters the novel as a representation of Humbert Humberts ÂÅ'destructive element; a decadent and salacious paedophile, Quilty is a personification of the depravity that is H.Hs downfall he is the demon, and with every paranoid glimpse of Cue, Humbert Humbert is confronted with his transgressions against Lolitas soul.The full impact of Humbert Humberts guilt doesnt strike until he visits Mrs. Richard F. Schiller, and sees with brutal and overwhelming clarity the destruction he has brought upon her. Imploring her to come away with him, to live happily ever after(278) with him, Humbert Humbert pleads for his life, knowing that unless he has the chance to love Lolita the no-longer-nymphet, he can never forgive himself his sins against her; when she refuses him, he under stands the ultimate and irrevocable nature of his transgressions. . At this realization, his anger toward Quilty the demon-shadow who has ÂÅ'cheated [him] of [his] redemption'(300), overwhelms him. In a fantastical, comical, and surreal sequence, Nabokov pits Humbert the Moral against his inhabiting devil. It is a grueling exorcism; Humbert Humbert, flounders ineptly with ÂÅ'Chum, the devil bargains for survival, but finally, Humbert Humbert kills the demon. In the only conceivable penance, Humbert Humbert kills Cue, committing a symbolic suicide. In routing out the demon, H.H. destroys so great a part of himself that he is left a withered shell, containing nothing but his dark and tragic story. ÂÅ'One ha[s] to choose between [Quilty] and H.H.'(309), but H.H. does not exist as an entity separate from his ÂÅ'destructive element. He remains only a witness; once he has told his story he submits to his inevitable and necessary death.Nabokov asserts that between ÂÅ'desire a nd decision'(71), Humbert Humbert cannot win. He ÂÅ'give[s] years and years of life for one chance to touch a nymphet'(88), but that touch kills him. The ÂÅ'satisfaction of [his] pleasure'(175) becomes to him a ÂÅ'monstrous indulgence'(257) he is mortified by the fulfillment of his fantasy. Humbert Humberts tragic conflict deems this ÂÅ'live world'(71) uninhabitable for him. He thought that in the beauty of the world were hid a secret. He thought the worlds heart beat at some terrible cost and that the worlds pain and its beauty moved in a relationship of diverging equity (from All the Pretty Horses, by Cormac McCarthy). The paradox of Humbert Humberts spiritual but depraved love for Lolita, (who is herself a paradox of innocence and seduction), is a tragic testament to this ÂÅ'diverging equity. The worlds opposites abide close beside each other, and exist only at a mutual cost light and darkness, good and evil, love and lust. Near the beginning of the novel, Humbert Humbert states that he and Annabel ÂÅ'were madly, clumsily, shamelessly, agonizingly in love with each other; hopelessly because that frenzy of mutual possession might have been assuaged only by our actually imbibing and assimilating every particle of each others soul and flesh'(12). Similarly, Humbert Humbert and Lolita are casualties consumed by and lost to the greater ÂÅ'immortal'(309) love that only exists at a supreme cost.

The No Child Left Behind Act - 1693 Words

If there is one thing that all American’s can agree on it is that the education provided for our youth serves as the foundation for the continuation and prosperity of our nation’s future. On the smaller scale, the students that live and learn here in the state of California will become our congressmen, doctors, policemen; the future of our great state. The adoption of the Common Core State Standards (CCSS) was necessary for improving the education policies in place for the youth in California. For one, it replaced the failing academic system, the No Child Left Behind Act. Second, the CCSS drives students to build deeper conceptual understandings of course material and foster their critical-thinking and analytical skills. Next, the CCSS†¦show more content†¦As a result, school districts were forced to â€Å"dumb down† their standards to ensure students’ success on paper to avoid such labels (Jost, 2010). In addition, teachers would essentially â₠¬Å"teach to the test,† only covering topics their students would be tested on during their annual standardized tests (Jost, 2010). This is a huge problem that America’s youth had encountered. They were being stripped of their chance to be curious and thirsty for knowledge. Rather, they were forced to play the â€Å"grade game† and simply memorize the information they need to receive an A grade. Consequently, NCLB made only slight improvements to students reading and math scores according to the â€Å"nation’s report card, in 2009 (Jost, 2010). Hence, the failing of NCLB has left us with no option than to revise America’s current education system and the CCSS is the best method to do that. Fortunately, the CCSS holds students to a higher standard than those set by NCLB. Students are now turning away from mere memorization and regurgitation of information given to them by their teachers. Instead, they are taught â€Å"standard detail skills and basic concepts that students should master in each grade in mathematics and in the broad realm of English language arts and literacy† (Clemmitt, 2014). The CCSS were created by â€Å"The National Governors Association and the Council of

Humanity the Strive for Perfection - 2019 Words

When you hear the word perfection, what is the first image that pops out of your mind? Is it the bright, shiny, twinkling smile of Ian Somerhalder or is it the sexy body of Megan Fox? Or perhaps is it just the cute face of your crush in one of your classes? Or maybe the simple concept of having complete and functional limbs is enough for you to be considered perfect already. For Merriam Webster, perfection is the freedom from fault or defect – or just plain flawlessness. As for most of the people, they view perfection as someone having a face which resembles a Greek god; or somebody who has immaculately fair, white skin similar to an angel that fell from the heavens. They consider someone perfect if he has the ability to make their jaw†¦show more content†¦If you picked the former, then good for you, pat yourself on the back; if not, then unfortunately, you have a low self-esteem. Low self-esteem is another reason why people intensely strive for perfection. They are n ot confident with their appearances that they still look for numerous ways to improve their features. According to studies in psychology, people tend to move in the direction opposite to the course they want to avoid the most (Radwan, Know Myself). In simpler terms, people strive for perfection because they do not feel perfect; they are not satisfied with the way their faces and curves appear. They feel inferior to others that they do everything just to feel good about their selves, and that is to attain perfection as close as possible. And feeling good about yourself increases your confidence and sense of worth greatly which would cause a glow of pride and satisfaction radiate from your body; and that shining aura of yours would astonish the people around you, making you more respectable than before. Just like in my own experiences, people noticed that I look more confident and happier now when I smile than before I got my braces. My upper teeth were so far from each other like the y had some grudges from the past that I did not know of, so it was sometimes really embarrassing to smile while possessing those teeth. There is also my mother who actually bought a fake tooth worth more than P30, 000 just to show a complete set ofShow MoreRelatedHumanity: the Strive for Perfection2012 Words   |  9 PagesWhen you hear the word perfection, what is the first image that pops out of your mind? Is it the bright, shiny, twinkling smile of Ian Somerhalder or is it the sexy body of Megan Fox? Or perhaps is it just the cute face of your crush in one of your classes? Or maybe the simple concept of having complete and functional limbs is enough for you to be considered perfect already. For Merriam Webster, perfection is the freedom from fault or defect – or just plain flawlessness. As for most of the peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of Hawthorne s Conception Of Human Nature Through His Stories1347 Words   |  6 Pagesdealing with the nature of human beings, with themes incl uding religion, perfection, and the natural world. His works have been lauded for their treatment of the human condition. Several stories, such as â€Å"The Birthmark†, â€Å"Rappaccini’s Daughter†, â€Å"Young Goodman Brown†, and â€Å"The Black Veil†, have been chosen to explain Hawthorne’s understanding of human nature. â€Å"The Birthmark† especially explains the pursuit of human perfection and the notion that nature cannot be overcome by humankind. â€Å"Rappaccini’sRead MoreBernard Is An Outcast? Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pages187) This quote proves that John learned how to handle is emotions and learned emotions from Shakespeare. â€Å"If perfection looms this large in our lives, then we must learn to come to terms with it†, according to Arthur Bochner, who wrote Terms of Perfection, perfection is an important part of humanity. (Terms of Perfection, 5) The evidence to prove that humanity has strived for perfection over many years of our existence is in our inventions and our DNA itself, â€Å"Even when these interventions haveRead MoreThe Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne1185 Words   |  5 Pagess death and that when man manipulates something as powerful as Nature, terrible things can occur. Aylmer is a scientist whose strives for perfection and is blinded by his love for science, resulting in the death of his wife due to his attempt to overpower Nature and dispose of the birthmark on her cheek. This signifies the ultimate reality that man cannot achieve perfection by defeating Nature. Nathaniel Hawthorne s The Birthmark† demonstrates how the writer uses the development of charactersRead MoreThe Essence of Humanity Essay503 Words   |  3 PagesThe Essence of Humanity What makes us human? What underlying characteristic differentiates humans from animals or Gods? Where does the essence of humanity lie? Initially the answer may seem simple. One might say when comparing animals to humans that they are cruder than humans; they live their life by instinct, they dont love, they dont strive to educate themselves and each other - their overriding goal is to survive and make it through the day. Yet, human history and the scientificRead MoreOration on the Dignity of Man: Analysis Essay731 Words   |  3 Pagesthat humans can choose their destiny and in doing so can achieve perfection. He presents a piece of work that challenges the medieval view of human nature. There was a great deal of emphasis on human creative power during the renaissance period. Humanists of the time like Pico, sought to show how man is great and can reach excellence through his own effort, which was a radical change in belief compared to the Augustinian view of humanity where Human beings were thought to be â€Å"completely subject to divineRead MoreWorst Debater : Alain De Botton1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthat he took. Botton based his arguments on a liberal arts perspective which consisted of mainly philosophical standpoints. In a nutshell, his main argument was that are genetically flawed creatures and because of these flaws we will never reach perfection and thus humanity’s best days cannot lie ahead. He believes in the â€Å"philosophy of pessimistic realism† and the â€Å"philosophy of wisdom†. Having a liberal arts perspective on the debate only weakened his stand against his opponent who took scientificRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne s The Bi rthmark1476 Words   |  6 PagesBirthmark,† it appears that Aylmer the main character wants to show the world that perfection is not beauty, and he demonstrates this with his wife Georgiana and that science should not alter the way that nature set man on this world to be. Hawthorne was a major asset to the transcendental movement, and this short story is a perfect example why. Nathaniel Hawthorne attempts to show the world the comparison between perfection and beauty mainly by: a psychoanalytic version of the plot and Sigmund Freud’sRead MoreThe Code Of Chivalry By Sir Gawain1503 Words   |  7 Pages2015 Equal Perfection The code of chivalry is an important plot element in Sir Gawain and The Green Knight that constructs ideal characteristics for the court of Camelot under King Arthur’s rule. This code also represents perfection, to which Camelot was described as being close to perfect. Even though never expressly stated within the work, other kinsmen related to Arthur outside Camelot share varying ethics within the code. Clearly The Knight’s code was more than a goal for perfection but also aRead MoreSymbolism In The Birthmark By Nathaniel Hawthorne792 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"The birthmark†, a short story written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in 1844 tells the story of a man obsessed with human perfection. He is a scientist by the name of Aylmer who has recently married a very beautiful woman named Georgina. Although Georgina is a beautiful woman, she has a birthmark in the shape of a tiny hand on her cheek. He sees the birthmark as a flaw and as an opportunity to perfect the alread y beautiful woman he loves. Aylmer, a perfectionist and ambitious scientist becomes obsessed

Black and White Paper free essay sample

There it is. A blank piece of paper, just waiting to be dipped and covered with words, almost like a piece a chocolate before it becomes the actual chocolate. At first the words seem to be lost on the page and, as a result, the page remains blank. But suddenly, as if struck by lightening, an idea appears, and the page satisfyingly fills with rich words. The words pour through, little by little, as if there is a leak in a dam. Then, the words start pushing out faster, and now there is no stopping them. Sentences form and quotations are carefully placed. The words are spontaneous, which makes this piece beautiful. Something is missing though, but what? The paper holds original thought, opinion, and fact; what else could make this paper even more perfect? A sudden glace down at my wrist gives it away. There it sits, almost in a mocking way, wrapping itself around my skinny, fragile wrist. We will write a custom essay sample on Black and White Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I remember how I got this gift and I remember when. I have had it since I was fifteen years old. The gift did not arrive on any special kind of day, nor any kind of strange or peculiar day. It was just a normal day. As I came home that day, rained poured itself down my cheeks as if I had been crying. No one appears to presently be home. My father, who I can usually find in the kitchen on most days, appears to have left a note. The note states plainly that he has gone to do a small plumbing job. It never states exactly when he will be home, it simply uses the worn out phrase, ‘be home by dinner’. Yes, I had heard that phrase over and over. The problem was I never knew if it was true. It seemed like a lie, something one would say to cover up the real story and not have to go into detail about exactly where they would be. Honestly, I did not care whether he came home or not, but I always kept this thought to myself. I knew my mother would not be here, as she was never, because she was at her job. I try to think about my mom. I cannot manage to picture her face. I knew this was sad to some people, but to me it was just something to shrug my shoulders at. I knew my parents loved me, but I also knew that neither one was ever around. I felt as if my mom, my dad, and I were all leading separate lives. The dinners we spent together were silent and lonely. The clattering of forks and knives against plates seem to be the only chatter in the room. If I managed to get a question out in all of the overbearing silence, it was answered plainly with a â€Å"yes†, â€Å"no†, or ignored and replaced with a â€Å"pass the salt†. I was a strong person, who had known what I wanted to be and where I wanted life to take me since I was ten. I had never had to wish for anything because I had never wanted anything that I could not obtain myself. I only wanted my family to be closer. That night, as my mother came home, threw her bag and coat on a chair, and gave a quick ‘hello’, it almost seemed to me as if she ran into the study. Sighing, and wondering to myself what we would have for dinner, I silently walked into the kitchen. I opened the silverware drawer and pulled out a knife. As my mother came into the kitchen, and as I was reaching up to grab the bread, she held her closed fist out to me. I did not know what to think of this. Upon registering my confused face she replied, â€Å"Close your eyes†. Although hesitant I agreed. I feel tingles like a thousand tiny needles have been poked into my skin. She reaches out to open up my palm and put something in it. As she closes my hand around the object I open my eyes. There in my palm is a bracelet. The bracelet appears to be handmade, and the colors in the bracelet are woven so preciously that it reminds me of the colors of African clothing. She tells me that it is a wish bracelet. As she tie s it around my wrist she tells me to make a wish, and once it falls off, the wish will have come true. At first I do not know if a believe her, but as the pinks, purples, whites and reds combine and entice me, I allow the bracelet to wrest against my plain wrist. As I stare at the colors, hypnotized, I have my wish in mind. Although others try to cram there way forward, I have made a final decision. As the bracelet is now forever tied to my wrist until it decides when it is ready to come off, I hear the front door open and close. It is six o’ clock and my family is home. On this peculiar day, a realization occurred to me; everything I had achieved, and everything I had worked for never required a wish. A wish was simply an easy escape from the reality of facing my fears. I now know that, to obtain something, if wanted strongly enough, does not come without tremendous effort and some complications.

Third Amendment Paper and Case Essay Essay Example

Third Amendment Paper and Case Essay Paper The 3rd amendment provinces that No Soldier shall. in clip of peace be quartered in any house. without the consent of the Owner. nor in clip of war. but in a mode to be prescribed by jurisprudence. This means that no 1 should be evicted because some soldiers want to remain someplace. The soldiers are merely allowed to remain in a person’s abode if the proprietors consent to it. By seting this amendment in The Bill of Rights it limited the power the armed forces could hold. The historical case in points that existed before this amendment was created were that British soldiers were come ining people’s abodes and began to populate at that place. This non merely invaded the people populating the places privacy but it created tenseness and a manner for the soldiers to descry on the enemy. We will write a custom essay sample on Third Amendment Paper and Case Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Third Amendment Paper and Case Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Third Amendment Paper and Case Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Engblom v. Carey is the lone known and documented instance that violates the 3rd amendment right. Engblom v. Carey was a U. S. tribunal instance decided by the Second Circuit Court of Appeals. Hugh L. Carey was being sued because he evicted province penitentiary functionaries so he could house the National Guard. This was because the functionaries were on work stoppage and the National Guard were functioning as impermanent guards. Though this instance was clearly against Carey he came out on top. I believe that Carey should hold lost the instance because it clearly states in the 3rd amendment that soldiers shall non be quartered in 1s house without the proprietors consent. The instance is the same instance as the instance discussed in place paper one. The ground for that is that there is merely one known instance associating to the 3rd amendment. This amendment does non hold any benefits nor does it hold any drawbacks on today’s society. There are no wars or conflicts being fought today in the U. S. and that gives us no demand to one-fourth soldiers in 1s abode. Since there is no necessity to house soldiers in the U. S. in 1s abode it does non impact me in any manner nor has it affected many others.

Gerald R. Ford essays

Gerald R. Ford essays When researching my option on a president who I should evaluate, I decided to choose President Gerald R. Ford. Ford had served as president from 1974 to 1977, after the unprecedented resignation of Nixon on Aug. 9, 1974. President Ford was president when I was brought to this world in 1976, so this gave me all reasons to evaluate his performance as president of the United States. To give you an understanding view of my personal assessment of President Fords performance, I rate base on his personality and his political history. When voting for a president we always look at there character and leadership skills. We see what type of leader He/She is based on, from there past and how they do during their run for presidency. In the case of President Ford, he was only known as the political figure that came into the vice-presidency of President Nixon after Agnews resignation. I at first believed it would be hard to grade a person who came into office by default and by that a person who served under a president who at the time was going to be impeached, and probably prosecution. Through all the writings of past and present I found that I personally would give President Ford a scale of, B. President Ford would become president when all of the people of the United States had lost trust in the leadership of our country. President Ford assured that when he took office that our long national nightmare is over and pledged openness and candor. Well during that time I personally believed that the openness Ford proclaimed took courage and proved to our country the type of leader that was to come. In the excerpt from the essay by James Cannon, said that President Fords character had come from the teaching of President Fords mother Dorothy Gardner Ford. Ford was chosen by his peers in Congress, for his integrity and trustworthiness. Fords forceful leadership appeared before our country when he ...

Bruno Mars And The Objectification Of Women

Although singer-songwriter Bruno Mars perpetuates many stereotypes about women and money in his music videos, he also challenges traditional views with pro-social messages. Both Mars’s perpetuation of sexual and financial stereotypes and his way of breaking with tradition can be seen particularly clearly in the song 24k Magic.Background Keys writes, that â€Å"In traditional African societies, the bard is a storyteller-singer and above all a historian who chronicles the nation’s history and transmits cultural traditions and mores through performance.† Mars, as a singer-songwriter, fulfills this kind of role today, transmitting cultural messages and mores through his performances to both black and white communities. While some of the messages he conveys may have negative effects on society, others may be beneficial – especially to the black community. Main Song: 24k Magic In the music video for the sing, Mars dances through glitzy areas – most of them casinos with a posse of men. From time to time, women join them. All of these women are skinny and scantily clad. Their hair is straightened. These styles are in keeping with electropop tradition. In the electropop scene, according to Jiminez, â€Å"There was a preference for tight clothing, hair products and even makeup. Photographs reveal Prince’s influence on the style of the time as an effeminate masculinity comes to the forefront.† In Mars’s videos, tight clothing and effeminate masculinity are featured heavily. The tightly clad women are not a part of Mars’s main posse, but instead, dance behind an effeminately masculine Mars and his boys much of the time. Mars and his boys are heavily clad, in pants, jackets, hats, and jewelry. The women are in bathing suits. While Mars and his posse do dance, the women dance more sensually, with barely anything covering their b ottoms as they shake them. They sway their hips provocatively. The video is set in a hotel dripping with gold. The boys drive fancy cars, play the slot machines and drive through the ritzy area without a care. They stack chips on the roulette table as the girls look on admiringly. They drive past lit up casinos. They dance through the halls in luxurious robes. They jet-ski through fountains. Mars sits back in a patio chair outside as women shake their bottoms beside his face. He doesn’t even look at them. Everyone smiles and dances. The way in which Mars objectifies women in his songs supports traditional, negative stereotypes of women in art. Klein writers that â€Å"Visual images throughout art history have revealed the status of women by their appearances and bodily attributes.† She further notes that traditional images of ideal women showed them as available and passive – displayed to appeal to male voyeurs. Women were shown as objects for men’s viewing pleasure. Women’s sexuality in comics and advertisements is often dependent on their ability to attract men.† The same is true of women in music. According to Flynn, â€Å"Women are the most frequent targets of objectification within music lyrics.† Indeed, in one recent study, of billboard hits â€Å"the authors found common themes regarding the objectification of women (women were viewed as objects for men to comment on, look at, even touch, hit, and eat) and sex as a top priority for men (wanting, needing, and experiencing sex).† This is exactly how Mars treats the women in his videos. They are there to show how cool and attractive Mars and his posse are. They are available and largely passive. Their bodies, rather than their minds or desires are what Mars’s video displays. We see more evidence that Mars views women as objects in the lyrics to 24k Magic. In them, he glorifies â€Å"players†, men who play around with a lot of women, and treats them much in the same way he treats other objects like rings and links. For instance, he sings, â€Å"Players, put yo pinky rings up to the moon.† Mars, in this song, is completely obsessed with money and material things and girls are among these materials. â€Å"Twenty-four karat magic in the air,† he sings, glorifying the pursuit of wealth. â€Å"I bet they know soon as we walk in (showin up) Wearing Cuban links designer minks Inglewoods finest shoes.† Here, he tells his listeners that possessing things like Cuban links and designer minks will grant them status. Possessing these things will make people know who they are. Not only that, but possessing money and wealth will help them obtain women. â€Å"Oh shit, Im a dangerous man with some money in my pocket,† he boasts,  "So many pretty girls around me and they waking up the rocket.† Mars further emphasizes that it is his ability to win women and to spend money that win him recognition as he sings, â€Å"Everywhere I go they be like oh, so player!† and â€Å"Spend your money like money ain’t shit.† He objectifies women once more in the end, singing, â€Å"I gotta show em how a pimp can get it in.† Here, he glorifies men who sell women and, once again, portrays women as mere sexual objects. 24k Magic is not the only song in which Mars treats women like objects. In songs like Uptown Funk he sings about living it up in the city and praises girls like Michelle Pfeiffer for being â€Å"straight masterpieces.† And in â€Å"That’s what I like,† he sings almost exclusively about money and sex with lyrics like, â€Å"Go pop it for a pimp, pop-pop it for me† and â€Å"â€Å"Sex by the fire at night Silk sheets and diamonds all white.† While it is clearly true that Mars objectifies women, what is less clear is whether this objectification is harmful to them. Some argue that it is. Nussbaum, for instance notes that â€Å"Feminist thought, moreover, has typically represented mens sexual objectification of women as not a trivial but a central problem in womens lives, and the opposition to it as at the very heart of feminist politics.† On the other hand, some argue that objectification can be a good thing. Cass Sunstein writes, â€Å"Peoples imaginations are unruly It may be possible to argue, as some people do, that objectification and a form of use are substantial parts of sexual life, or wonderful parts of sexual life, or ineradicable parts of sexual life.† Furthermore, by rejecting the norms of a society which suggests the objectification is bad, Mars may be championing an idea of sexual freedom that society represses. Green writes â€Å"There’s an agent of subversive reversal of negative stereotypes and portrayals of African-Americans embedded within the prosocial text of some rap lyrics.† In spite of the fact that videos those made by like Mars and his counterparts objectify women and black women in particular, â€Å"Black females generally reported more satisfaction with the shapes of their bodies [than white women] and less susceptibility to the negative effects of media.† Perhaps, then, there is something gratifying about Mars’s prosocial messages and his rejection of white mores. Gracyk suggests that we analyze art to help us understand human behavior. Perhaps Mars’s songs give us some insight into why black women have higher esteem than their white counterparts. And perhaps his rejection of society’s rules leads to greater positivity.

Management of Employee Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Management of Employee Relations - Essay Example In this globalised world, an economic problem in one country will not get restricted to that country but gets spread to other countries. This is what happening today, with the economic recession starting in the USA, is having a very negative effect all over the world. The economies of most of the countries in the world are directly and indirectly dependent on the U.S.’s economy and with liberalization happening everywhere, the negative effects in the USA will be felt everywhere, with businesses worldwide facing the negative impact. Many companies are suffering losses and as a result of it several companies are opting for retrenchment strategy. Cost cutting would have to eventually result in job cutting. Layoffs have become a common thing these days with companies. Fewer job requirements and constant layoffs irrespective of the sector made employers to be choosy about the kind of employees they want and more dominant in deciding the compensation package for them. Many reputed organizations have quietly cut the salaries and other fringe benefits to their employees. Employees are forced to take it, as they don’t have any option although it will have a negative impact. People are the most valuable asset of any organization, and as many have found to their peril, exaggerated redundancy of staff or the mismanagement of people leads to certain disaster. Managers have upper hand these days and really have become dominant. Instead of thinking about how to optimize productivity and overcome financial problems, ma nagers look at the easy way out.

Race in our everyday lives Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Race in our everyday lives - Assignment Example This conflict involved two people: an African and Irish man. The African ethnic background belongs to the Indo-Mediterranean race. This is one of the southern branches of the big European race. This race is common in southern Europe, North Africa, Arabia, Iraq, southern Iran and North India (Haddon, 22-50). It has local versions. In the zones of contact with Caucasians in North Africa and Arabia two transition anthropological types were formed. On the northern border of the area there is the Balkan- Caucasian race, on the southwest - the Ethiopian and the Negro, the south -east - the Dravidian (Haddon, 22-50). The special mixed racial type combines the features of Negroid, Mongoloid and Caucasoid races. The other man originates from the atlanto -Baltic race of the big European race. This race is an important element of the anthropological composition of Norwegians, Swedes, Scots, Irish, Danish, Russian, Belarusian, Baltic peoples, partly found in the populations of the northern regions of France, Germany and Finland (Haddon, 22-50). A small proportion of this race can be found in the European lands. There are two main Irish values: the first - family and the other is education. In this they are similar to Africans; Africans attitude to life is expressed in the moral values of family, procreation, kinship (Pepin, 245-255). Africans believe that an individual is still not a person but a project person; he becomes only person in the family, when there he has his firstborn. Desire for procreation, augmentation of vital energy is one of the most important incentives for life (Pepin, 245-255). Such an attitude towards children led a number of peoples in the formation of the moral norm th at defines the value of the childs birth in marriage and before marriage and outside marriage. Traditional value of life and the consequent attitude towards children comes into conflict with Christian values and moral standards. A child born

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With a topic as frequently discussed as racial discrimination within our criminal justice system, there are many opinions and theories as to why our correctional facilities are populated with the type of inmates that are housed within. Fortunately, it has not been proven true that our criminal justice system is run in a racially discriminating manner, rather debated and analyzed in many lights. Discrimination is prohibited, as a matter of constitutional and statutory law, in a wide range of settings (Banks, Eberhardt & Ross, 2006). Who is it that teaches us who to be afraid of within society? Who are the â€Å"bad guys† that we should avoid? How many times do our parents tell us during our childhood to avoid certain people and places? Examples being a stranger with a van, neighborhoods to avoid late at night and other precautions that shape the way we think and believe as we grow of the dangers within our society. These same precautions that we are accustomed to during our ch ildhood become embedded into our minds throughout adolescence and leading into adulthood. How do our parents determine who the â€Å"bad guys† are that we ought to avoid? If our own parents are raising us to distinguish between individuals, are they possibly raising us in a racially discriminating way? If that were the case, then who are we to criticize our criminal justice system for possibly doing the same? Criminologists generally agree that young people are more likely to commit crime than old people, men more than women, city dwellers more than country folk, the poor more than the rich, and the minorities more than whites (Cole, 1999). Logically, there is no one criteria of who can be immediately classified as the â€Å"type† of person that would commit crimes and the... ...e to look for and apprehend individuals. As Cole (1999) explained, police departments must be willing to disclose to the public the demographics of their enforcement tactics. If society is not aware of why the police is going after the individuals they are, society is left to assume their own reasons which more often than not leads to the thought of racial discrimination. Racial discrimination is not a just way to run a criminal justice system nor any other aspect of our free communities. As a country, the United States has come a long way and as a nation has given us the right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. Until there is concrete proof that the criminal justice system is being run on a racial basis, it would behoove us to trust those in charge and continue following the laws in place to make the best possible example for others within our society.

Daughter from DaNang Essay

Micro Assessment The majority of developmental theories say that children must develop a secure primary attachment in order to develop in a healthy manner. A secure and strong attachment is clearly essential for healthy future relationships. John Bowlby’s studies in childhood development led him to the conclusion that a strong attachment to a caregiver provides a necessary sense of security and foundation. Without such a relationship in place, Bowlby found that a great deal of developmental energy is expended in the search for stability and security. In general, those without such attachments are fearful and are less willing to seek out and learn from new experiences (Hutchison, 2013). The video did portray a close relationship between Heidi’s siblings and their mother. Heidi says she has happy memories from her child hood growing up in Vietnam (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). This leads me to believe she had formed an attachment with her mother. Bowlby says if the attachment figure is broken o r disrupted during a child’s critical developmental stage the child will suffer irreversible long- term damage. Heidi was completely uprooted toward the end of this critical period (Hutchison, 2013). She was 6 years old when her mother dropped her off at the orphanage operated by the Holt Adoption Agency. This is traumatic, and she says how she used to cry for her mother. She said she believed there was something wrong with her and that is why she was sent away (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). Once in America Heidi was adopted by a single woman named Ann Neville. Heidi describes Ann as a cold, non – loving person. She provided material things but never any affection. One summer evening while Heidi was home from college, she came home one night to find herself locked out. When she returned the next day her mother had Heidi’s bags packed and said she was no longer welcome in her house. As far as Ann was concerned, she no longer had a daughter. Heidi has not spoken to her adopted mother since (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). This was the second time Heidi had been abandoned  by her mother figure. According to Erik Erikson’s stages of Psychosocial Development she would not make it past the 1st stage (Hutchison, 2013). Although Heidi is well over the age the trust vs. mistrust stage occurs, she still is unable to believe that either one of her mothers’ love her. After visiting Vietnam, she is quite sure it was not love driving her mother to show such affection, but rather financial reasons (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). Her family is poor and they see Heidi as an escape from poverty. Heidi’s adaption to her American life is an example of a component in Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Theory called accommodation. Children are motivated to maintain a balance. Any experience that we cannot assimilate creates anxiety, but if our schemata are adjusted to accommodate the new experience, the desired state of equilibrium will be restored (Hutchison, 2013). In order for Heidi to adapt to her environment, she had to change the way she viewed everything. She was unable to change the environment so she had to change herself. Heidi became 101% Americanized (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). Mezzo Assessment This documentary reveals the many confrontations of two cultures. It begins when an American soldier and a Vietnamese woman, Mai Thi Kim, who was abandoned by her husband, ensue a sexual relationship that results in a daughter, Mai Thi Heip also known as Heidi Bub. When the war ends and the American troops leave, Mai Thi Kim and her children are left to face the ridicule and scorn for Kim’s indiscretion of sleeping with an American soldier (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). This child was born half American and half Vietnamese. At the time there were rumors the Communist government was going to search for these children and kill them. They were a part of the enemy. In order to escape this persecution, the American government, along with several others governments, created Operation Baby Lift. They would put these children on planes and fly them to the United State where they would be given the opportunity for a better life. This is extremely telling of North American’s ethnocentr ism, assuming Americans could provide a better life to these children than their own parents (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). In America Heidi lived with her adopted mom in Pulaski, Tennessee. Ann was a dean at Pulaski’s Martin Methodist College. Heidi was baptized into the United Methodist Church, where she attended services, and Sunday school. Ann provided many material things for Heidi, taking her on great trips to various places and yet Heidi’s heart still longs for more. Heidi said she had everything growing up, but that she didn’t have a very loving mother. Ann sought hard to Americanize Heidi and often warned her to keep her Vietnamese heritage a secret. Ann is extremely adamant that if anyone asks where Heidi was born, she is to tell them Columbia, South Carolina (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). As Heidi enters her teenage years her relationship with her mother is strained. Anne cannot tolerate Heidi’s growing independence. The relationship comes to an abrupt end when Ann kick Heidi out of the house and denies she ever had a daughter (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). Heidi’s biological mother does not have the money to provide material things like her adopted mother. She does have the capacity to love Heidi and expresses it openly, unlike her adopted mother (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). When Heidi returned to Vietnam to reunite with her family she experienced a dramatic culture shock. She was not properly prepared for the reunion. As a child she was forbidden to inquire about her heritage, so it was never discussed and she was never encouraged to learn about the Vietnam culture (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). Heidi has a naà ¯ve idea that it is going to be a fairy tale ending. Heidi places huge expectations upon this visit to emotionally fill a void in her life from an unloving and damaged childhood. One of the major challenges Heidi faces was the dreadful clash between the two cultures. Heidi is overwhelmed by the open and often displays of affection. She says she was not raised in such a touchy, feely society so all of this affection was extremely uncomfortable. Heidi was raised as a single child by a single parent. She is not used to large families and having so many people around all the time. Heidi complains that she has only had 2 hours to herself the entire time sh e has been in Vietnam. She begins to feel the roles have been reversed because her mother is so clingy. It is as if she is the mother and her mother is the child (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). In Vietnamese culture family is very important. Extended family often live close or in the same home. In American this is not a common tradition. Generally when the children grow up they move out of their parents’ house to live independently and eventually begin a family of their own. Often families live hundreds of miles apart and may only see each other on holidays or special occasions. Vietnamese live in a collective society where the prosperity of the group is  the goal. They are community oriented, they take care of each other. So when Heidi’s sister, who is extremely poor, asks Heidi for more money that is entirely acceptable in their culture. It is normal and even expected for the wealthier family members to take care of the poorer ones. Those who make it to the States or another prosperous nation, are expected to send money back to their family. The children are expected to take care of their parents because the parents took care of the children when they were young (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). The video displays another example of how Vietnamese have a collective culture when Heidi returns, not only is her entire family excited to reunite, but the entire community is waiting to see her, they never forgot Heidi (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). Heidi thought her sister was rude and she was insulted by her bold request. When Heidi’s brother mentions it is her turn to take care of their mother, Heidi explodes in anger (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). The United States is stigmatized an individualistic society, people tend to look out for themselves. What is theirs is theirs and no obligation to provide for others. This is most often true in urban areas, but in more rural parts, families do take care of their own. People in smaller communities tend to take care of each other, maybe not to the extent they do in Vietnam, but they do look out for one another. Language is a barrier for Heidi. Although her mother and some of her family members are able to speak English, Heidi does not speak Vietnamese and does not understand the language. It is difficult to communicate and makes interactions challenging (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). Macro Assessment Daughter from Danang originates with American’s ethnocentrism and the declaration of â€Å"Operation Babylift.† by President Ford. Many American soldiers had left behind what was referred to as national embarrassment, American soldiers had slept with the enemy and fathered children with the women of Vietnam, these children came to be known as Amerasians. It was feared that the Communists threatened to kill both mother and child of this mixed race. President Ford made available over two million dollars for the needs of thousands of children that would be airlifted out of Vietnam to in efforts to avoid mass slaughter of the innocent, and provide a better living for the children (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). The ethnocentrism is clear when  the video shows a clip of an American social worker attempting to convince Vietnamese women to send their children to the United States. The Vietnamese feared the Communists could kill their children and the United States, along with other countries, were taking them away. What an awful experience for the mothers and children.  Heidi’s new life in the United States did provide her with opportunities she would have never received otherwise. The United States is a wealthier country than Vietnam. Most Vietnamese live in poverty and have little opportunity to improve financially. Vietnamese do not have the access to education that Westerners have. Heidi is a college graduate and her sister only made it through the 6th grade (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). Vietnam lack many of the modern conveniences Heidi has grown accustomed to. Vietnam is a poor country, the people cannot afford the common luxuries American’s use in their daily life. When she is walking through the town she is stunned to see people cooking food on the side walk. At the market Heidi cannot get her mother out of there fast enough. The hot temperature, raw fish, and the smells are all too much for her to handle (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). You can see the surprise on her face when she first arrives to her family’s home. The family does not have indoor plumbing, the family must go to the bathroom outside and shower by pouring a bucket of water over themselves. Heidi also observes her mother washing laundry outside in a basin with a bar of soap, the dishes were also washed outside in basin as well (Dolgin & Franco, 2002). Summary The video portrays though Vietnamese have less materials belongings than Westerners does not mean they are less happy. Vietnamese place much more importance on the family relationships and love for each other. I think if Heidi had prepared herself for her visit by educating herself on the Vietnamese culture, thing would have turned out differently. At least she would not have been taken off guard with so much touching, constant family around, and their forwardness about money. The movie ends with Heidi consciously alienating herself from her cultural roots. She goes back to the familiar world of her adopted grandma’s home, where the most profound conversation is whether the corn is rotten in the refrigerator. She goes  back to a dopey husband who has not a clue. â€Å"We stopped talking about your (Heidi’s) trip because we were not getting anywhere.† Unfortunately it has been 2 years and Heidi has not responded to any of her families letters. It seems unlikely she ever will. My hope is that she can overcome her scars and teach her children about their heritage. Provide them with the opportunity to learn who they are. References Dolgin, G.(Producer), & Dolgin, G., Franco,V. (Directors). (2002). Daughter from Danang [Video].Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2AU VUe2HX0 Hutchison, E. D. (2013). Essentials Of Human Behavior: Integrating Person, Environment, and the Life Cycle. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, Inc.

How to Use Direct Object Pronouns in the Past Tense

In almost any language, pronouns play an important part in enabling fluid conversation, keeping us from repeating the same word over and over and sounding like this: Did you find the glasses? Where are the glasses? Oh, I saw the glasses earlier. Oh, I found the glasses. Let’s put the glasses on the table. Here we are discussing direct object pronouns: those that substitute nouns that answer to the questions who or what without the use of any preposition (not to whom, or for which, or to that). Hence, they are called direct; they substitute the object and link it directly to the verb. For example, I eat the sandwich: I eat it; I see the boys: I see them; I buy the glasses: I buy them; I read the book: I read it; I love Giulio: I love him. In English, when pronouns substitute nouns they do not alter or color the verb or other parts of speech; not even the word order changes. In Italian, however, they do. Here, we are going to look at direct object pronouns and how they interact with compound verb tenses such as the passato prossimo. Pronomi Diretti: Direct Object Pronouns To quickly refresh your memory, in Italian the direct object pronouns are: mi me ti you lo him or it (masculine singular) la her or it (feminine singular) ci us vi you (plural) li them (masculine plural) le them (feminine plural) As you see, the mi, ti, ci and vi stay the same regardless of gender (I see you; you see me; we see you; you see us), but the third person singular and plural—he, she, it, and them—have two genders: lo, la, li, le. For example, il libro (which is singular masculine) or a male person is substituted by the pronoun lo; la penna (singular feminine) or a female person by la; i libri (plural masculine) or plural male persons by i; le penne (plural feminine) or plural female persons by le. (Do not confuse pronouns with articles!) These pronouns require a bit of mental dexterity, but once your mind has become used to the process of automatically attaching gender and number to everything (because one must), it becomes automatic. Using Direct Object Pronouns in the Present In Italian, with verbs in the present tense the direct object pronoun precedes the verb, which is counterintuitive in English, but the verb itself stays the same. For example: Capisci me? Do you understand me? SÃ ¬, ti capisco. Yes, I understand you (you I understand).Leggi il libro? Do you read the book? SÃ ¬, lo leggo. Yes, I read it (it I read).Compri la casa? Are you buying the house? SÃ ¬, la compro. Yes, I am buying it (it I buy).Ci vedete? Do you see us? SÃ ¬, vi vedo. Yes, I see you (you I see).Leggete i libri? Do you read the books? SÃ ¬, li leggiamo. Yes, I we read them (them we read).Comprate le case? Are you buying the houses? SÃ ¬, le compriamo. Yes, we are buying them (them we buy). In the negative, you place the negation before the pronoun and the verb: No, non lo vedo. Passato Prossimo: Agreement of the Past Participle In a construction with direct object pronouns in a compound tense such as the passato prossimo—any tense with the past participle—the past participle acts like an adjective and must be modified to suit the gender and number of the object. So, you choose your pronoun, going through the same assessment of whether the object is feminine or masculine, singular or plural; then you quickly modify your past participle to agree accordingly as if it were an adjective. Remember that we are talking about direct objects here: objects that are in a direct relation to a transitive verb, which has an object and uses avere as the auxiliary (in the case of reflexive verbs and other intransitive verbs with essere as auxiliary, the past participle modifies but for different reasons and thats a topic for another day). Let’s take a look at what happens with the pronoun and the past participle in an example in the passato prossimo. Lets use a question since questions are natural constructions for pronouns: Avete visto Teresa? Did you see Teresa, or have you seen Teresa? We want to answer that, yes, we saw her yesterday at the market. Immediately you determine the following: The past participle of vedere: vistoThe correct passato prossimo conjugation: abbiamo vistoThe object: Teresa, feminine singularThe corresponding direct object pronoun for Teresa: la Your past participle is quickly made feminine and singular; your direct object pronoun moves to the beginning of the sentence, before the verb, and you get your answer: La abbiamo vista al mercato ieri. If you want to answer in the negative—no, we have not seen her—you put your negation before both the pronoun and the verb, but the same rules follow: No, non la abbiamo vista. When using the third person singular and third person plural direct object pronouns, the past participle must respect gender and number (with ti, for example, it can stay the same—visto/a—and with vi too— visto/i). Both in writing and in speaking, the third person singular pronuns la and lo can be contracted if followed by a vowel or h: lho vista; labbiamo vista; lavete vista. You do not contract the plural pronouns. Lets Practice: Facciamo Pratica Lets go through the steps with another couple of examples: Dove hai comprato i tuoi pantaloni? Where did you buy your pants? You want to answer that you bought them in America last year. Again, you identify your needed pieces of information: The past participle of comprare: compratoThe correct verb conjugation: ho compratoThe object: pantaloni, masculine pluralThe correct direct object pronoun for pantaloni: li Adjusting your past participle accordingly and moving your pronoun, you find your answer: Li ho comprati in America lanno scorso. Again: I bambini hanno ricevuto le lettere? Did the children get the letters? We want to answer that, yes, they received them. The past participle of ricevere: ricevutoThe correct verb conjugation: hanno ricevutoThe object: le lettere, feminine pluralThe correct direct object pronoun for lettere: le Adjusting the past participle for gender and number, your answer is: SÃ ¬, le hanno ricevute. Or, in the negative, No, non le hanno ricevute. Remember, you do not contract the plural pronouns. Other Compound Tenses In other compound tenses in any of the verb modes, the pronominal construction works the same way. Lets make the sentence above indicative trapassato prossimo: I bambini non avevano ricevuto le lettere? Hadnt the children received the letters? You want to answer that yes, they had received them but they lost them. Perdere also is transitive and its participle is perse (or perdute); your direct object pronoun is still le. You make your new past participle agree, and move your pronoun, and you have your answer: SÃ ¬, le avevano ricevute ma le hanno perse. Lets look at a variation of the same sentence in the congiuntivo trapassato: La mamma sperava che i bambini avessero ricevuto le lettere. Mother had hoped that the children had received the letters. You want to answer that, yes, they received them and they read them, but then they lost them. Your object is still the same lettere; all the verbs involved are transitive (with the addition now of the past participle of leggere, letto) and your direct object pronoun is still le. You move your pronoun and you modify your past participles and you have your answer: SÃ ¬, le avevano ricevute e le hanno lette, ma le hanno perse. Direct Object Pronouns and Infinitives Note that in pronominal constructions that use the infinitive together with helping verbs volere, dovere, and potere, but also with other so-called servile verbs such as sapere, andare, venire, cercare, sperare, and riuscire, the direct object pronoun goes before either of the verbs OR can be attached as a suffix to the infinitive (minus the final e). Voglio comprare la frutta: la voglio comprare or voglio comprarla (I want to buy fruit: I want to buy it).Veniamo a prendere i bambini: li veniamo a prendere or veniamo a prenderli (we are coming to get the children: we are coming to get them).Vado a trovare il nonno: lo vado a trovare or vado a trovarlo (I am going to visit Grandfather: I am going to visit him).Cerco di vedere i miei nipoti domani: li cerco di vedere domani or cerco di vederli domani (I will try to see my nephews tomorrow: I will try to see them).Vorrei salutare mio figlio: lo vorrei salutare or vorrei salutarlo (I would like to say hello to my son: I would like to say hello to him). Direct or Indirect Only transitive verbs in Italian are followed by direct objects, though there are some subtle exceptions, such as piangere (to cry), vivere (to live), and piovere (to rain), which are intransitive but have an implicit object. However, transitive verbs may also have indirect objects (or both), and they do not necessarily match from English to Italian. In English, you say hello to someone and it gets a preposition; in Italian, salutare (to say hello) is transitive, uses no preposition, and therefore gets a direct object and a direct object pronoun. In English you call someone (direct); in Italian you call to someone (and telefonare is, in fact, intransitive). A word of advice: When thinking about Italian pronouns in relation to verbs, it is helpful to not compare how things work in English. Buon lavoro!